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BIO 169 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name the uterine layer

A

perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

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2
Q

what is the perimetrium made of?

A

incomplete serous membrane

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3
Q

what is the myometrium made of?

A

thick muscular layer

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4
Q

what is the endometrium made of

A

thin glandular layer

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5
Q

*inferior portion of the uterine body that extends from isthmus of vagina

A

cervix

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6
Q

constricted passageway opening to the uterine cavity

A

cervical canal

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7
Q

connect cervical canal to uterine cavity

A

internal os

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8
Q

opening at the distal end of cervix

A

external os

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9
Q

this ligament prevent posterior movement

A

round ligament

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10
Q

this ligament prevent inferior movement

A

cardinal ligament

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11
Q

this ligament prevent inferior-anterior movement

A

uterosacral ligament

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12
Q

fertilized oocyte from week 1-8

A

embryo

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13
Q

embryo from week 9 to delivery

A

fetus

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14
Q

cells found in uterine tube that supply nutrient to sperm and pre-embryo

A

peg cells

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15
Q

this cell secrete fluids that complete the capacitation of sperm in female reproductive tract

A

peg cell

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16
Q

tube that carry oocyte to uterus

A

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

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17
Q

parts of uterine tube

A

fimbria, infundibulum, ampulla, then isthmus

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18
Q

what makes up the lining of the uterine tube

A
  1. ciliated columnar epithelium cells
  2. scattered mucin-secreting cells
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19
Q

layers of the ovary

A
  1. stroma
  2. outer cortex
  3. inner medulla
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20
Q

where are gamete produced in ovary

A

cortex

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21
Q

what are the ovary covered in?

A

visceral peritoneum (germinal epithelium)

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22
Q

this vessel extends from ovary to pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

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23
Q

this vessel extends from uterus to ovary

A

ovarian ligament

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24
Q

this structure is a thickened fold of mesentery and is found between the ovarian ligament and uterine tube

A

mesovarium

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25
Q

a pocket between the uterus and posterior wall of the bladder

A

vesico-uterine pouch

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26
Q

a pocket between posterior wall of uterus and anterior surface of colon

A

retro-uterine pouch

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27
Q

This mesentery enclosed the ovary, uterine tube, and the uterus

A

broad ligament

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28
Q

fusion of male and female gamete; fertilized egg

A

zygote

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29
Q

this structure enclosed and support developing embryo

A

uterus

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30
Q

surface area between pubic symphysis and coccyx

A

perineum

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31
Q

gonads

A

organs that produce gamete (reproductive cells) and hormones

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32
Q

bands of connective tissue that extends from dermis to pectoral tissue

A

suspensory ligament of breast

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33
Q

mammary gland leaves lobules and form this vessel

A

lactiferous duct

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34
Q

lactiferous duct expand into this chamber

A

lactiferous sinus

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35
Q

this gland secrete fluid for lubrication similar in prostate gland

A

lesser vestibular gland

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36
Q

this gland secrete mucus near vaginal entrance during sexual arousal similar to bulbourethral gland

A

greater vestibular gland

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37
Q

small projectile in vestibule that is involve sexual response

A

clitoris

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38
Q

central space bounded by small folds (labia minora)

A

vestibule

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39
Q

area containing female external genitalia

A

vulva

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40
Q

ovum production that begin at birth, accelerate during puberty, and ends at menopause

A

oogenesis

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41
Q

atresia

A

degeneration of oocyte

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42
Q

degeneration of oocyte

A

atresia

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43
Q

month event for maturation of oocyte (egg)

A

ovarian cycle

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44
Q

steps leading to preparation of uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

A

uterine cycle

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45
Q

stages of ovarian cycle

A
  1. follicular phase (day 1-14)
  2. ovulation
  3. luteal phase (day 15-28)
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46
Q

release of the egg

A

ovulation

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47
Q

female reproductive stem cells in the fetal ovaries

A

oogonia

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48
Q

2 diploid daughter cell after oogonia has undergone mitosis

A

primary oocyte

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49
Q

when oogenesis tapers, then ceases

A

menopause

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50
Q

found in the cortex of ovaries; where oocytes grow and meiosis I occur

A

ovarian follicles

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51
Q

cluster of primary oocytes in ovarian cortex

A

egg nest

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52
Q

oocyte surrounded by follicular cells

A

primordial ovarian follicles

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53
Q

primordial ovarian follicles turn into this during puberty upon activation

A

primary ovarian follicles

54
Q

follicular cells divide forming a ring around primary oocyte

A

zona granulosa

55
Q

area where microvilli of follicle cells and surface of oocyte interact

A

zona pallucida

56
Q

accumulation of follicular fluids from secondary follicles in the follicular late phase

A

antrum

57
Q

developed from enlarge secondary follicle

A

tertiary follicle (Graafian follicle; mature)

58
Q

differentiate from surrounding stroma cell

A

thecal cell

59
Q

what does thecal cell produce

A

estrogen

60
Q

unequal cell division

A

polar body

61
Q

granulosa cell that remain associated with secondary oocyte

A

corona radiata

62
Q

form from remaining granulosa cell under stimulation of LH

A

corpus luteum

63
Q

why is corpus luteum called yellow body

A

made of cholesterol

64
Q

this hormone is produced from the cholesterol in the corpus luteum

A

progesterone

65
Q

how long does the corpus luteum stay active for?

A

12 days

66
Q

when the corpus luteum degenerate if fertilization does not occur

A

corpus albicans

67
Q

fibroblast invade and form scar tissue

A

corpus albican

68
Q

first uterine cycle that begins at early puberty around the age of 11 or 12

A

menarche

69
Q

phase of uterine cycle

A
  1. menstruation phase
  2. proliferation phase
  3. secretory phase
70
Q

how many days does menstruation last

A

day 1-5 (5 days)

71
Q

how many days does proliferation last?

A

day 6-14 (8 days)

72
Q

menstruation and proliferation occurs during what stage of ovarian cycle?

A

follicular

73
Q

how many days does the secretory phase last

A

14 days (day 15-28)

74
Q

what stage does the secretory phase occur during the ovarian cycle

A

luteal phase

75
Q

what happens during menstrual phase

A

the functional layer of the epithelium of endometrium shed

76
Q

what happens during the proliferation phase?

A

the lining of the epithelium of endometrium is rebuilt

77
Q

what happens during the secretory phase?

A

enhance function; prepare uterus for fertilization

78
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

79
Q

estradiol

A

most abundant estrogen
dominant hormone prior to ovulation

80
Q

absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

81
Q

failure to initiate menstruation

A

primary amenorrhea

82
Q

interruption of 6 months or more caused by stress weight loss

A

transient secondary amenorrhea

83
Q

exchange of maternal and paternal genetic material that increase variation among offspring

A

crossing over

84
Q

fingerlike projection at end of follicular tube

A

fimbriae

85
Q

outer part of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum

86
Q

secretion of female sex hormone

A

estrogen and progesterone

87
Q

interior tissue of ovary

A

stroma

88
Q

another name for uterine tube

A

oviduct

89
Q

short segment between ampulla and the uterine wall

A

isthmus

90
Q

middle segment of uterine tube

A

ampulla

91
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

boundaries between ampulla and isthmus in the uterine tube

92
Q

largest part of uterus

A

body

93
Q

where does uterus end

A

isthmus

94
Q

round portion of uterus

A

fundus

95
Q

inferior portion of uterus

A

cervix

96
Q

name of arteries found in myometrium and encircle endometrium

A

arcuate arteries

97
Q

thickest layer and contains most of the uterine gland

A

functional layer

98
Q

these vessels supply straight artery

A

radial arteries

99
Q

where are the straight arteries found

A

basal layer

100
Q

where are the spiral arteries found

A

functional layer

101
Q

why does the basal layer not shed

A

straight arteries support the basal layer

102
Q

elastic muscular tube found between cervix and vestibule

A

vagina

103
Q

muscle found on either side of vagina

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

104
Q

this structure enlarge during sexual arousal similar to corpus spongiosum

A

bulb of vestibule

105
Q

elastic epithelial fold that blocks entrance of vagina

A

hyman

106
Q

what vessel innervate vagina

A

hypogastric plexus
sacral nerve S2-S4

107
Q

inflammation of vagina caused by fungi, bacteria, or parasite

A

vaginitis

108
Q

another name for vulva

A

pudedum

109
Q

anesthesia procedure used during labor and delivery

A

segmental blocks (epidural/spinal anesthesia)

110
Q

this hormone causes uterine glands, blood vessel and epithelium to change monthly

A

estrogen

111
Q

thickest protion of uterine wall and contribute to 90% of the mass

A

myometrium

112
Q

this lining contribute 10% mass of the uterus

A

endometrium

113
Q

endometrium is divided into how many layers

A
  1. functional layer
  2. basal layer
114
Q

which layer contain terminal branches of tubular uterine gland

A

basal layer

115
Q

function of vagina

A
  1. passaway
  2. sperms
  3. birth canal
116
Q

shallow recess surrounding cervical protusion

A

vagina fornix

117
Q

what lines the vaginal canal

A

rugae

118
Q

erectile tissue of vagina

A

bulb of vestibule

119
Q

extension of labia minora forms what?

A

prepuce

120
Q

what forms outer margins of vulva

A

mons pubis and labia majora

121
Q

means to produce milk

A

lactation

122
Q

location of mammary glands

A

pectoral adipose tissue

123
Q

where does the mammary duct exit

A

nipple

124
Q

what is the area that surrounds the nipple

A

areolar

125
Q

what activated mammary glands?

A

pregnancy

126
Q

what does surge of LH cause

A

End of meiosis I to complete in mature follicle

127
Q

when does Meiosis II complete

A

fertilization

128
Q

what increase pulse frequency

A

estrogen

129
Q

what decrease pulse frequency

A

progesterone

130
Q

GnRH stimulate the release of what hormone

A

LH and FSH

BIO 169 (8 decks)

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