Urinary system Flashcards
The urinary system consists of what?
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra.
Function of the kidney in the urinary system
After the kidneys filter blood and return most of the water and many solutes to the blood, the remaining water and solutes constitute urine
The kidneys help maintain homeostasis throughout the body by performing the following functions:
- Regulation of ion levels in the blood.
- Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure.
- Regulation of blood pH.
- Production of hormones.
- Excretion of wastes.
Whats the path of urine drainage?
- Collecting duct
- Papillary duct
- Mirror calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
Structure of the kidney
the kidneys are made up of two distinct areas: the cortex and the medulla
Nephron
It regulates the concentration of water and minerals such as sodium by filtering the blood and reabsorbing the important nutrients.9 Jun 2020
Function of Nephron
- Glomerular filtration
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
The function of Nephron - Glomerular filtration
the first step of urine production – blood pressure forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the wall of glomerular capillaries.
The function of Nephron - Tubular reabsorption
returning most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes to the blood is the second basic function of the nephrons and collecting ducts.
The function of Nephron - Tubular secretion
the tubule and duct remove substances, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions, from blood in the peritubular capillaries and transport them into the fluid in the renal tubules.
Angiotensin II
enhances reabsorption of Na+ and Cl–. Angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which stimulates the collecting ducts to reabsorb more Na+ and Cl– and secrete more K+. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) inhibits reabsorption of Na+ (and Cl– and water) by the renal tubules, which reduces blood volume.
How many nephrons in each kidney?
1 million
Slide 3
Transportation, Storage, and Elimination of Urine
- Urine produced by the nephrons drains into the minor calyces, which join to become major calyces that unite to form the renal pelvis.
- From the renal pelvis, urine drains first into the ureters and then into the urinary bladder; urine is then discharged from the body through the urethra.
- The two ureters transport urine from the renal pelves of the right and left kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Walls of the uterus contains of which 3 layers?
transitional epithelium on the inside (mucosa), smooth muscle in the middle, and an outer layer of areolar connective tissue
Function of the urinary bladder
function is to store urine prior to micturition.
mucosa of the urinary bladder contains what?
transitional epithelium and rugae
The muscular layer of the wall consists of three layers
smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle. The outer coat is a fibrous covering.
Physical characteristics of normal urine - Volume
One to two liters (about 1 to 2 quarts) in 24 hours but varies considerably
Physical characteristics of normal urine - Colour
Yellow or amber, but varies with urine conc and diet. Colour is due to urochrome (pigmented product from breakdown of bile) and urobilin (from breakdowndown and hemoglobin). Concentrated urine darker in colour.
Physical characteristics of normal urine - Turbidity
Transparent when freshly voided, but becomes turbid (cloudy) after a while.
Physical characteristics of normal urine - Odor
Mildly aromatic but becomes ammonia- like after a time. Some people inherit the ability to form methylymercaptam from digested asparagus , which gives urine a characteristic colour