Urinary System Flashcards
Renal cortex
Forms the outer region of the kidney
Renal medulla
Forms the inner region of kidney
Renal columns
Extensions from the renal cortex , divide the interior region into cone shaped sections
Renal pyramid
The cone shaped section
Consisting of tubules for transporting urine away from the cortex
Minor calyx
Collects urine leaving the papilla
Renal pelvic
Receives urine from the major calyces.
Ureter
A tube like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder
Renal artery
Branches off the abdominal aorta
Brings blood to the kidney
Renal vein
Blood leaves the kidney through renal vein Which empties into the inferior vena cava
Nephron
Filtration unit of kidney
Afferent arteiole
Branches of larger arteries that supply blood to one nephron
Glomerulus
Cluster of capillaries enclosed by bowmans capsule
Efferent arteriole
Vessels that take blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
Pertibulbar capillaries
Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
A winding convoluted portion of the renal tubule.
Thousands of microvilli that allows absorption to occur like the inside
Loop of henle
U shaped portion of the renal tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
After returning to the cortex , the ascending limb coils again
Collecting duct
Passes into a renal pyramid , where it merges with other collecting ducts to form one tubule.
Renin angiotensin- aldosterone system
Helps maintain blood pressure
Tubular Reabsorption
Additional chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood
Tubular secretion
Chemicals are added to the filtrate
Hormones that increase blood pressure
ADH- caused water to be reabsorbed
Aldosterone- causes salt and water to be reabsorbed , causes potassium to be excreted
Decrease blood pressure
ANP- causes salt and water to be secreted
Increases blood calcium levels
PTH(parathyroid hormone)- causes calcium to be reabsorbed and phosphate to be excreted
Hypovolemia
Volume depletion that results from blood loss, or when both sodium and water are lost
Dehydration
When the body eliminates more water than sodium
What role does sodium play in our body
Determines the volume of total body water and influences how water is distributed between fluid compartments
Plays a role in depolarization , which is crucial for a muscle and nerve function
What role does potassium play in our body
The main electrolyte of intracellular fluid
Works with sodium for nerve and muscle function
What role does calcium play in our body
Strengthens bones
Plays a role in muscle contraction , nerve transmission and blood clotting
What role does chloride play in our body
Contributes to the formation of stomach acid
Helps regulate fluid balance and PH
What role does phosphate play in our body
Assists with carbohydrate metabolism , bone formation and acid-base balance
Acid
Any chemical that releases hydrogen ions
Base
Any chemical that accepts hydrogen ions
Chemical buffer
Binds to hydrogen ions to remove it from the solution when pH is too high, and releases hydrogen ions when pH is too low
Physiological buffer
Uses the respiratory and urinary system to alter the output of acids, bases or carbon dioxide
