Body Structures&Anatomical Positions Flashcards
Anatomical position
Standing up straight
Arms at the side
Face, feet and palms facing forward
Body planes
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane
Sagittal plane
Divided the body length wise into right and left sides
Used to illustrate the organs on the head or pelvic cavity
Transverse plane
Divides the body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Used to reveal internal organs
Frontal plane
Divided the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions
Shows the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Integumentary system
Consists of skin hair and nails
Function; protection , temperature, regulation , water retention
Skeletal system
Bones, cartilage and ligaments
Function; protection of body organs , support, movement and blood formulation
Muscular system
Consists of skeletal muscles
Function; movement, posture and heat production
Lymphatic system
Consists lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph thymus, spleen and tonsils
Function; role in fluid balance, productions of immune cells; defence against disease
Respiratory system
Consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Function; Absorption of oxygen , discharge of carbon dioxide;l, acid-base balance, and speech
Urinary system
Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Function: excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure and control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
Nervous system
Consists brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs
Function: control regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
Endocrine system
Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid and other organs
Function: hormone production, control and regulation of other systems
Circulatory system
Consists of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
Function/ Distribution of oxygen and nutrients , waste, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells and antibodies
Digestive system
Consists stomach, small intestine, large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth and pancreas
Function/ breakdown and absorption of nutrients & eliminates wastes
Male reproductive system
Consists testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis
Function: production & delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones
Female reproductive system
Consists ovaries, Fallopian tube, uterus, vagina and breast
Function; production of eggs, site of fertilization & fetal development; birth; lactation and secretion of sex hormones
Medial
Toward the body’s midline
Lateral
Away from the body’s midline
Distal
Farthest from the point of origin
Proximal
Closest to the point of origin
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Anterior (ventral)
Towards the front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward the back of the body
Superficial
At or near the body’s surface
Deep
Away from the body’s surface
Body cavities
Thoracic cavity
Mediastinum
Pleural cavity
Andominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity
Diaphragm
Spinal cavity
Ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cranial cavity
Formed by the skull
Contains the brain
Spinal cavity
Formed by the vertebra
Contains the spinal cord
Thoracic cavity
Surrounded by the ribs and chest muscles
Subdivided into two pleural cavities (each containing a lung) and mediastinum
Mediastinum containers heart, large vessel of the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus
Abdominopelvic cavity
Subdivided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
Abdominal contains stomach, insetines, spleen , liver
Pelvic contains bladder, reporductive organs and rectum
Abdominal regions (9)
Right hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region
Right iliac region
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Left lumbar region
Left iliac region
Abdominal quadrants
right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Homeostasis
The state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
Negative feedback
When the effector opposes the stimulus, and reverses the direction of change
Positive feeeback
When the effector reinforces the stimulus and amplifies the direction of change
