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Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

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2
Q

Transportation

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones

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3
Q

Regulation

A

Maintains body temp
Maintains normal pH in body tissue

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4
Q

Protection

A

Controls bleeding (clotting process)
Defends from infection

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5
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma (55%)
Formed elements (45%)

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6
Q

Plasma

A

Clear , extraceular matrix
Proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and gases
Albumin- main protein in blood

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7
Q

Formed elements

A

Cells and cell fragments
Erythrocytes (red blood cells or RBC)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

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8
Q

Hemopoesis

A

Formation of blood cells
Red bone marrow; produces all types of blood cells
Lymphatic tissue; produced lymphocytes

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9
Q

Red blood cells

A

Deliver oxygen to cells
Remove carbon dioxide
Shaped for optimum gas exchange

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10
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Groups of protein chains (globin) with iron containing heme bound to them
Oxygen binds to the heme and is transported through the body
When the oxygen is released, carbon dioxide bonds to the globin to go back to the lungs for release

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11
Q

What is the extraceullur matrix of blood

A

Plasma

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12
Q

Erythropoietin (EOP)

A

Red blood cells
Hormone produced and released by the kidneys
When RBC are low EPO stimulate the bone marrow to make more erythrocytes
When RBC are old, the liver and spleen destroy them and break up their components

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13
Q

Red blood cell life cycle

A

O2 levels decrease
Kidneys secrete erythropoietin
Bone marrow creates erythrocytes
Reticulocytes are released, they mature into RBC
O2 levels increase ; EOP and RBC production decrease

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14
Q

Breakdown of RBC

A

Macrophages in liver and spleen ingest and destroy old RBC

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15
Q

Globin

A

Amino acids (Caries carbon dioxide)

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16
Q

Heme

A

Iron and bilirubin (Caries oxygen)

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17
Q

White blood cells

A

-Leukocytes
-Protect the body against pathogens (disease causing viruses)
-granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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18
Q

Granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils(red stain), and basophils(take the blue in colour)

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19
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

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20
Q

Basophils

A

Involved in secreting heparin and histamine

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21
Q

Eosinophils

A

Involved in allergic reactions; kill parasites

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22
Q

Neutrophils

A

Migrate out of blood vessels to engulf and digest foreign material
Most abundant WBC

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23
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T lymphocytes are involved in attacking infected or cancerous cells
B lymphocytes produce/forming antibodies to specific antigens

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24
Q

Monocytes

A

Migrate into tissues to become macrophages that ingest bacteria, cellular debris and cancerous cells

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25
Plateletes
Formation of blood clot
26
Homeostasis steps
1. Vascular spasm 2. Formation of platelet plug 3. Formation of blood clot 4. Dissolution of the blood clot ; fibrinolysis
27
Vascular spasm
Constricts the blood vessel to slow the flow of blood
28
Formation of a platelet plug
Rough collagen fibers in the injured blood vessels triggers plateletes passing by to become “stick plateletes” which forms a temporary seal
29
Formation of blood clot
Fibrin threads from a “web” at the injury site to catch passing RBCs and plateletes to form the blood clot
30
Dissolution of the blood clot
Plasmin dissolves the fibrin mesh work and the clot breaks up after the vessel has healed
31
Dissolution of blood clots
1. Platelets contract 2. Fibrinolysis (plasmin works to dissolve the fibrin mesh work, and the clot breaks up)
32
Factors that discourage blood clots
Smooth endothelium Blood flow Anticoagulants
33
What is the first step in homeostasis
Vascular spasm
34
What secretes heparin
Basophils
35
Involved in allergic reactions
Eosinophils
36
Attack infected cells
Lymphocytes
37
Most abundant blood cell
RBC
38
Migrate into tissues to ingest bacteria
Monocytes
39
Produce antibodies to specific antigens
Lymphocytes
40
Involved in clotting process
Thrombocytes
41
Most abundant WBC
Neutrophils
42
Which blood type has no antibodies
AB
43
Which blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
O
44
Which blood type has anti-A antibodies
B
45
Which blood type has anti-B antibodies
A
46
Rh group
This is the positive or negative Rh positive blood contains the Rh antigen Rh negative blood lacks this specific antigen
47
Layers of the heart wall
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
48
Epicardium
Also the visceral layer of the serous pericardium and covers the hearts surface
49
Myocardium
Composed of cardiac muscles
50
Endocardium
Likes the atria and ventricles , as well as the valves
51
Heart structures
Pericardium Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Pericardial cavity
52
Fibrous pericardium
Outer most layer
53
Serous pericardium
Inner layer
54
Visceral pericardium
Liked the heart
55
Parietal pericardium
Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium
56
Pericardial cavity
Fluid filled space between the two layers of the serous pericardium
57
The sac surrounding the heatt
Pericardium
58
Atria
Atria served as reservoirs, receiving blood from the body or lungs Separates by internal septum
59
Ventricles
Receive blood from the atria and pump it into the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle) Separates by the interventicular septum
60
What is the functional difference between the atria and ventricles
Atria receives blood Ventricles pump blood
61
Artery (blue)
Carrie’s deoxygenated blood
62
Vein (red)
Oxygenated blood
63
Atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid (right AV) valve Mitral or bicuspid (left AV) valve
64
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary valve Aortic valve
65
Blood flow through the heart (RIGHT)
1. SVC/IVC 2. Right atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Right ventricle 5. Pulmonary valve 6. Pulmonary artery
66
Blood flow through the LEFT
7. Pulmonary vein 8. Left atrium 9. Bicuspid / mitral valve 10. Left ventricle 11. Aortic valve 12. Aorta
67
Main coronary arteries
Right coronary artery Left coronary artery
68
Two main branches coronary circulation
Anterior descending Circumflex arteries
69
Coronary sinus
The large transverse vein on the hearts posterior that returns blood from the coronary arteries to the right atrium
70
Which great vessel supplies blood to the right atrium
Superior and inferior vena cava
71
What is the proccess of cardiac conduction, starting with where the impulse arises ?
72
Two phases of heart beat
Systole (contraction phase) Diastole (relaxation phase) “Lubb dupp” (valves closing)
73
What is the hearts primary pacemaker
Sinoatrial node

Anatomy (9 decks)

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