Sensory System Flashcards
What do sensory receptors transmit info about
-type of stimulus
-location of stimulus
-intensity of stimulus
Types of sensory receptors
-chemoreceptors
-mechanoreceptors
-thermoreceptors
-nociceptors
-photoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Respond to odors, tastes, chemical concentration in the body
Mechanoreceptors
Detect pressure, stretch, or vibration
Thermoreceptors
Detect temperature changes
Nociceptor
Detect pain
Photoreceptors
Detect light
Fast pain fibers
Skin and mucous membrane
Sharp localized pain
Slow pain fibers
Deep in body organs
Dull aching pain
Referred pain
Pain that is felt on the surface of the body even though it is coming from a deep organ or even a completely different area or the body
Sense of taste
Gustration
Taste buds found around the papillae on the tounge
Cranial nerve involved in sense of taste
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Sense of smell = olfaction
Lining the root of the nasal cavity
Found in the epithelial tissue that lines the roof of the nasal cavity
Nerves involved for sense of smell
-olfactory nerve CNI
-olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)
Structure of the outer ear
Auricle (pinna)
External auditory/acoustic mestus
Cerumen glands
Auricle (pinna)
Visible part of the outer ear
External auditory / acoustic meatus
The opening of the auditory canal
Cerumen gland
Line the canal and produce cerumen (wax)
Structure of the middle ear
Tympanic membrane(ear drum)
Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)
Auditory or Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane
Separates the outer ear from the middle ear
Vibrates freely in response to sound wave
Auditory bones that connect the ear drum to oval window
Auditory or eustichian tube
Passageway from the middle ear to the nasopharynx to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
Structures of the inner ear
Semicircular canals and vestibules
Cochlea
Semicircular canals and vestibule
Fluid filled structures that contribute to the maintainer of equilibrium and balance
Cochlea
Snail like structure
Fluid filled structure that contain structures for hearing , including the organ of corti
Balance and equilibrium
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Detect dynamic equilibrium- speed and direction of head movements
Vestibule
Detects static equilibrium (position of the head when the body is stationary as well as moving in a straight line )
How hearing occurs ?
L
Accessory structures of the eye
Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Eyelids
Conjunctiva
Tarsal gland
Tarsal glands
Edge of the eye (tarsal plate)
Secrete oil to slow the evaporation of tears and form a seal when eyes are closed
Conjunctiva
Transparent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the anterior surface of the eye ball
Secretes a thin mucous film to keep eyelid moist
Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal glands
Nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal punctum
Pores at the end of the lacrimal canal that drains tears
Lacrimal glands
Found above the eye: secretes tears
Nasolacrimal duct
Passageway that carries tears into the nasal cavity
Three tissue layers of the eye
Fibrous outer layer
Vascular middle layer
Retina
Fibrous outer layer
Sclera (white of the eye, contains receptors)
Cornea - transparent extension of the sclera that covers the iris
Eye muscles
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Which muscles rotate your eyes to the side and downward
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Which muscles move the eye up, down, medially and laterally
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Vascular middle layer
Iris- (ring of muscle that adjusts the diameter of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye)
Ciliary body- (extension of the choroid around the lens that secrets aqueous humour)
Chorid- (vascular layer of tissue that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the retina and sclera)
Retina
Photoreceptors (rods and cones)
Macula lutea (center point of retina)
Fovea centralists (sharpest visual point due to an area of high cone concentration)
What is the optic disc of the retina?
The point where the nerve fibers leave the retina and converge to become the optic nerve
Also where blood vessels enter and leave the eye
Anterior cavity of the eye
Filled with aqueous humour
Between the lens and cornea
Lens of the eye
A disc of tissue that changes shape for near and far vision
Posterior cavity
Filled with vitreous humour
Behind the lens
Process of vision
Refraction
Convergence
Accommodation
Refraction
Bending of light rays to focus on the retina
Convergence
Lining up of the visual axis of each eye toward an object
Accommodation
Pupils constrict and the lens changes it curvature to focus on an object
