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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating (filters blood)? #1

A
  1. Extracellular fluid compartment (plasma and intestinal fluid) which is the internal environment by forming a modified filtrate of plasma (urine)– kidneys filter good and bad
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2
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #2

A
  1. Plasma volume and therefore blood pressure (ctrls blood pressure and plasma vol; diuretic causes high vol urination)
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3
Q

What are the urinary system function that perform homeostasis by regulating? #3

A
  1. The concentration of waste products in the blood
    A. Metabolic: urea, uric acid, creatine
    B. foreign: water soluble drugs, toxins
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4
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #4

A
  1. the concentration of electrolytes (Na+, K+, HCO3-, etc)
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5
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #5

A
  1. The pH of plasma (H+) along with the lungs (works acidity)
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6
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #6

A
  1. The plasma concentration of glucose (glucose gets filtered; if not type 2 diabetes)
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7
Q

What are the urinary systems function that performs homeostasis by regulating? #7

A
  1. It is an endocrine gland: secretes Erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production- kidney)
    Eryth- red, poie- to build
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8
Q

What are the urinary functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #8

A
  1. Secretes the enzyme Renn: works in the Angiotensin/Aldosterone system which is another way to regulate blood volume and blood pressure
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8
Q

Ureter

A

From kidney to bladder

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9
Q

What are the urinary system functions that perform homeostasis by regulating? #9

A
  1. Activates vitamin d for a Ca++ balance
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10
Q

Urethra

A

From bladder to outside world

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11
Q

How many kidneys are there?

A

2

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12
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Retro- behind, peritoneum- lines abdominal cavity

Kidneys behind abdominal cavity; outside of peritoneal cavity (not much protection)

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13
Q

3 coverings of kidney

A

Renal capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia

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14
Q

Renal capsule

A

Fibrous capsule (dark area- outside)

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15
Q

Perinephric fat

A

Adipore capsule (yellow area) acts as cushion; directly around outside

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17
Q

Renal fascia

A

Thin, delicate tissue surrounds kidneys

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18
Q

Gross structures and layers of kidneys

A

Cortex, Medulla, and Sinus

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19
Q

Cortex

A

bark on tree; outer layer just inside the renal capsule (underneath)

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20
Q

What does the Cortex consists of?

A

Interlobular A&V, arcuate A&V, afferent arteroile (glomerulus), efferent arteriole (peritubular capillaries), renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerulus capsule), PCT, DCT, and collecting ducts

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21
Q

What does the Medulla (middle layer) consists of?

A

Renal pyramid, arcuate A&V, renal papilla, renal columns, interloblar A&V, vasa recta, nephron loop, and collecting ducts

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22
Q

Sinus

A

space in front of the renal pyramid

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23
Q

What does the Sinus consists of?

A

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, hilus, and renal A&V

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24
Q

Blood supply pathway

A

Aorta– renal artery– segmental artery– interlobar a.– arcuate a.– interlobular a.– afferent arteriole– glomerulus (capillary bed)– efferent arteroile– peritubular capillaries/vasa recta– interlobular vein– arcuate v.– interlobar v.– renal v.– inferior vena cava

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25
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

white; glomerulus capillary bed and glomerulus capsule (aka bowmans capsule, surrounds capillary bed)

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26
Q

vascular pole

A

where blood vessles enter and leave

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27
Q

nephron loop: descending and ascending limb

A

function unit of kidney (down then up); filters plasma to urine

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28
Q

DCT

A

distal convulted tubule; in the cortex and goes from the glomerulus to last lobe

29
Q

Collecting duct

A

in cortex and medulla (collect urine)

30
Q

glomerulus

A

capillaries, simple squamous epithelium/fenestrations (pores), podocyte

31
Q

podocyte

A

wraps around, surrounds capillaries (cell over)

32
Q

afferent arteriole

A

small artery, last branch before capillary bed; toward capillary bed

33
Q

efferent arteriole

A

brings it out, away; peritubluar capillary-capillary bed around tubes

34
Q

renal pyramid

A

widest part junction of medulla and cortex

35
Q

renal columns

A

space between renal pyramids

36
Q

Interlobar

A

lob- big lobe

37
Q

interlobular

A

lobu- small lobe

38
Q

minor calyx

A

little cup, funnel

39
Q

renal papilla

A

tip of pyramid; empty into minor calyx

40
Q

major calyx

A

2-3 minor calyx together

41
Q

renal pelvis

A

beginning of ureter, combo of call calyx

42
Q

hilus

A

structures enter or leave organ

43
Q

PCT

A

proximal convulted tubule (convulted-twisted)

44
Q

3 processes in the formations of urine

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion excretion not a part of func

45
Q

filtration

A

fluid is filtered out of capillaries and into space inside glomerulus capsule

46
Q

reabsorption

A

water, nutrients, salts are selectively returned to blood in capillaries adjacent to the tubules (most sodium absorbed; if not all glucose absorbed- form of diabetes)

47
Q

secretion

A

excess H+, K+, and other substances from capillaries move into nephron wall then secreted into fluid inside the nephron (1-2 L of urine out for 180 L of h20/plasma)

48
Q

Paths through kidney

A

RBC, glucose, and urea

49
Q

Paths through kidney: RBC

A

(too large to be filtered, stay inside blood vessles)

glomerulus– efferent glomerulus arteriole– PCT– interlobular vein– arcuate v.– interlobar v– renal v

50
Q

Paths through kidney: glucose

A

glomerulus– glomerulus capillary– PCT (rebsorb into PCT; peritubular capillary)

51
Q

Paths through kidney: Urea (waste products)

A

glomerulus– glomerulus capillary– PCT– nephron loop– descend limb– ascend limp– DCT– collecting duct– minor calyx– major calyx– ureter– bladder– urethra

52
Q

layers of ureter (muscle tube)

A

mucosa, transtional epithelium, muscularis, adventitia (tube goes from kidney to bladder)

53
Q

mucosa

A

layer that lines lumen (hallow part)

54
Q

transitional epithelium

A

1st part of urethra and it allows stretching; microscopic level

55
Q

muscularis

A

smooth muscle; involuntary- creates parastolic waste (stones painful bc this is blocked)

56
Q

adventitia

A

paratineum around outside

57
Q

layers of bladder

A

mucosa, transitional epithelium, rugae, trigone, detrusor muscle, adventitia, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter

58
Q

rugae

A

increase vol (folds to allow to stretch)

59
Q

trigone

A

triangle area where 2 ureter comes in (funnel urine out)

60
Q

detrusor muscle

A

around bladder (smooth muscle)

61
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

exit of bladder; circular smooth muscle right at bladder (we dont control-involuntary)

62
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

skeletal muscle which is voluntary (why babies pee themselves bc dont know how to control)

63
Q

urethra female

A

shorter; more prone to bladder infections

64
Q

urethra male components

A

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra: urogenital diaphragm and external urethral sphincter, and corpus spongiosum

65
Q

urethra male

A

8-9 inches long from bladder

66
Q

prostatic urethra

A

in prostate gland

67
Q

membranous urethra

A

in bladder (near bulbourethral gland)

68
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

through penis

69
Q

BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

when prostate gland contracts, leads to frequent urination (prostate gland grows, increase number of cells)

Anatomy (12 decks)

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