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Anatomy > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organs

A

gonads, testes, endocrine, and exocrine

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2
Q

Gonads

A

produce gametes and hormones

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3
Q

Testes

A

have both endocrine and exocrine functions

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4
Q

Endocrine

A

produce androgens (mostly testerone)

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5
Q

Exocrine

A

produce spermatoza (travels through ducts)

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6
Q

Secondary sex organs

A

structures essential to care for, store, and transport spermatozoa (Sperm transporting ducts, accessory glands, copulatory glands)

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7
Q

Sperm transporting ducts

A

epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens), ejaculatory ducts, and urethra

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8
Q

Accessory glands

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)

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9
Q

copulatory organ

A

penis

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10
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

are considered attractants (ex physique) but are not essential to reproduce

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11
Q

Perineum

A

the area between the symphysis pubis and coccyx

  1. urogential triangle (contains penis and scrotum)
  2. anal triangle
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12
Q

Scrotum

A

functions to support, protect, and regulate the position and temperature of the testes

  1. Scrotal septum
  2. Muscles
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13
Q

Dartos muscle

A

subcutaneous, smooth muscle (wall that separates scrotum right and left; dotted layer)

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14
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

deeper skeletal muscle around the spermatic cord and testes (part of internal oblique)

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15
Q

Cremaster reflex

A

response to changes in temperature (cold- shrinkage) Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle this relfex

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16
Q

Testes

A

outside the abdominal cavity

  1. descent
  2. cryptorchidism
  3. inguinal canal
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17
Q

cryptorchidism

A

fail to descend all the way

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18
Q

inguinal canal

A

testicle goes through

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19
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

outer, thin serous sac from parietal peritoneum

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20
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

inner fibrous layer (visceral layer). it encapsulates each testes and forms septa (walls) which divide the testis into lobules- compartments

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21
Q

Lobulues contain what?

A

seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells

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22
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

functional unit of testes; walls made of sustentacular cells (nurse cells) and sertoli cells. these cells have tight junctions (blood testis barrier) that limit what can pass through

23
Q

Spermiogenesis occurs in what cells?

A

Sustentacular cells

24
Q

anatomy of sperm cell

A

head: acrosome (tip with enzymes)
23 chromosomes
body: mitochondria (midpiece)
tail: flagella

25
Q

where is the loction of Interstitial cells?

A

cells of leydig

inside of lobule and outside the seminiferous tubules

26
Q

What is the function of Interstitial cells?

A

cells of leydig
to produce male hormones (androgens), testerone is the major one. theyre anabolic steroids and stimulate muscle and bone growth, devlopment of acessory sex organs and larynx and production of hemoglobin

27
Q

ducts inside the testes

A

rete testis and efferent ductules (to epididymis)

28
Q

Where is the location of the Epididymis?

A

on the posterior side of the testicles. it is a coiled tube about 17 feet long. it has a head, body, and tail. the head is the superior part and the tail is inferior and continuous with the vas deferens (ductus deferens)

29
Q

Where is the location of the Ductus deferens?

A

goes from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (18 inches). it has a smooth muscle layer that creates peristaltic contractions (sympathetic stimulation). the distal end is wider and is called the ampulla

30
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

its formed by the ampulla of the vas deferens and the ducts of the seminal vesicle. its about one inch long and is in the prostate gland. fluid made in the prostate gland and the seminal vescicles join with the sperm in the vas deferens. the ejaculatory duct then joins the prostatic urethra

31
Q

Urethra

A

has urinary and reproductive functions and 3 regions

32
Q

3 regions of urethra

A

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy/penile urethra

33
Q

prostatic urethra

A

get urine from the bladder and sperm and fluid from the ejaculatory duct

34
Q

membranous urethra

A

goes through the urogential diaphragm. it contains the external urethral sphincter

35
Q

spong/penile urethra

A

it recieves a secretion from the bulbourehtral gland. its in the corpus spongiosum

36
Q

spermatic cord

A

from the testes to the inguinal canal. it contains the ducts deferens, testicular artery, paminiform plexus (testicular veins inside the scrotum) lymphatics and testicular nerve. the cremaster muscle is wrapped around the testicles and the spermatic cord

37
Q

Acessory glands

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland

38
Q

Where is the location of the seminal vesicles?

A

posterior, inferior surface of the urinary bladder

39
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesciles?

A

it makes and secretes an alkaline fluid with nutrients (energy) for sperm. this fluid makes up about 60% of semen

40
Q

Where is the location of the prostate gland?

A

immediately inferior to the urinary bladder. it surrounds the prostatic urethra. theres a glandular tissue and smooth muscle that responds to sympathetic stimulation.

41
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

secretes an alkaline fluid that makes about 40% of semen and also helps sperm mobility
clinical: BPH and prostate cancer

42
Q

Where is the location of the Bulborethral glands?

A

cowpers gland
in urogenital diaphragm near the begininng of the penile urethra. it has a muscous type secretion that neutralizes urine residue in the urethra and lubricates the tip of the penis

43
Q

Copulatory organ

A

penis

44
Q

what does the root consist of?

A

bulb and crus

45
Q

Bulb

A

the beginning of the corpus spongiosum and is attached to the urogential diaphragm/bulbospongiosus muscle. the penile or spongy urethra start here

46
Q

Crus

A

the beginning of the corpus cavernosum and is attached to the pubic arch/ishiocavernosus muscle. there are two of these.

47
Q

Where does the suspensory ligament attach the penis to?

A

it attaches the penis to the symphysis pubis

48
Q

What does the body of the penis consist of?

A

Corpus spongiosum and Corpus cavernosa

49
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A

(beginning is the bulb; its erectile tissue) it surrounds the penile (spongy) urethra. theres one corpus spongiosum

50
Q

Corpous cavernosa

A

(beginning is the crus; its erectile tissue) there are two seprated by fibrous CT which makes up the septum penis

51
Q

Glans penis

A

this is the expanded distal end of the corpus spongiosum. the external urethral orifice is here.

52
Q

corona glandis

A

ridge around head

53
Q

frenulum

A

tissue that attaches foreskin to head

54
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin (circumcision)

Anatomy (12 decks)

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