Skeletal system

Question 1

Osteology

Answer 1

study of bone

Question 2

osteoctye

Answer 2

bone cell

Question 3

periosteum

Answer 3

around bone (outside bone)

Question 4

bone

Answer 4

connective tissue with a solid matrix
each bone is an organ
ex) femur is an organ

Question 5

functions of skeletal system

Answer 5

support rigid framework
protection: CNS (in dorsal body cavity), thoracic organs, red bone marrow, pelvic organs
body movement: levers
hemopoiesis: blood, to build
storage of minerals: calcium and phosphorous
storage of lipids: yellow bone marrow

Question 6

is bone a living, dynamic, adaptable tissue?

Answer 6

yes, it works with the muscular system for attachment, movement, and a source of calcium and with the cardiovascular system as a site for blood cell production (bone a living dynamic organ)

tuberosity and trochanter larger bc stress on bones there

Question 7

Shape of bones

Answer 7

long bones: hollow, yellow bone marrow

Question 8

Structure of long bones

Answer 8

diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal plate/line, periosteum, and endosteum

Question 9

diaphysis

Answer 9

shaft of long bone
contains a central cavity: medullary cavity (hollow part, middle where lipids are stored)
medullary cavity contains lipids: yellow bone marrow and lined on the inside by endosteum

Question 10

lipid embilus

Answer 10

where lipids in bone break out and enter blood

can die from breaking long bone

Question 11

epiphysis

Answer 11

end of long bone
proximal and distal epiphysis
contains spongy bone: cancellous bone
red bone marrow: where it is responsible for WBC and RBC

bone transplant iliac crest

Question 12

epiphyseal plate/line

Answer 12

for lengthwise growth

can see in xrays and see how old someone is

Question 13

periosteum (C.T.)

Answer 13

layer around bone (covers bone except for where it articulates)

Question 14

2 layers of periosteum

Answer 14

outer fibrous and inner cellular

important for bone growth and repair
route for circulatory and nerve supply
interwoven with tendons and ligaments
continous with joint capsule

Question 15

Endosteum (C.T.)

Answer 15

spongy; lines inside of bone

Question 16

bone: osseous C.T.

Answer 16

solid matrix, vascular, metabolically active: Osteon

Question 17

2 types of bone

Answer 17

compact bone and cancellous (spongy bone)

Question 18

Compact bone

Answer 18

dense, forms wall- solid part

1) Osteon: functional unit (whole vertical unit structure) has circle with bullseye
2) cells: osteogenic

Question 19

components of an osteon

Answer 19

central canal, lamellae, lacuna, canaliculi, and perforating canals

Question 20

central canals

Answer 20

bullseye (arteries, veins, and nerves run through)

Question 21

lamellae

Answer 21

concentric rings (each layer)

Question 22

lacuna

Answer 22

little cells on concentric rings (dug out)

Question 23

canaliculi

Answer 23

cracks by lacuna, how gets rid of waste

Question 24

perforating canals

Answer 24

come in from side- horizontal red lines that connect to vertical lines that are central canals

Question 25

cells: osteogenic

Answer 25

osteoblast- osteogenesis: build bone
osteoclast- osteolysis: dissolve bone
osteocyte: red cells, bring water

Question 26

cancellous: spongy bone

Answer 26

contains same components but arranged differently

• trabeculae: struts
• surrounds yellow bone marrow
• is in epophysis (red bone marrow)

Question 27

Trabeculae: struts

Answer 27

decreases weight and protects from stress in different directions (lined with endosteum)

Question 28

Periosteum covers long bones except…

Answer 28

except at the articulating end of the proximal and distal epiphysis. this is articulating cartilage “hyalin cartilage” and acts like teflon for joints

Question 29

bone growth and remodeling

Answer 29

chondrocytes and ossification