Urinary System Flashcards
What are the layers of the kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
What is in the renal cortex
Glomeruli
PCT
DCT
What is a medullary ray
A collection of loop of Henle’s and collecting ducts that originate from the nephrons that have the renal corpuscle in the outer part of the cortex
Are there glomeruli in the renal medulla
No
What is the glomerulus supported by
Mesangial cells
What’s surrounds the glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
What is the basement membrane of the glomerulus lined by
Podocytes
What stain highlights the glomerular basement membrane
Periodic acid shciff
What do mesangial cells comprise
Smooth muscle
 Does albumin get filtrated out of the capillary lumen
No it’s too large
What is specific about the basement membrane of the glamorous
It’s a double basement membrane and it’s negatively charged
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus
Right next to the glomerulus
What do granular cells do
Detect blood pressure and secrete renin at low blood pressures
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus contain
Granular cells and macula densa cells
What is glomerular tubular feedback
Where the macula densa cells detect sodium concentrations and feedback to the afferent arteriole
What is the proximal convoluted tubule lined by
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the border of proximal convoluted tubule cells
A prominent brush border of microvilli
What does the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb
2/3 of the sodium and potassium
What is the histological difference between the thick and thin limb of the loop of Henle
Thin - simple squamous
Thick - cuboidal
How can you recognise the distal convoluted tubule
There’s no microvilli and therefore no prominent brush border
How does the distal convoluted tubule regulate acid base balance
It’s a secretes H+ and absorbs bicarbonate
How does the distal convoluted tubule regulate sodium
Exchanges sodium for potassium via aldosterone
What do the principle cells respond to
Aldosterone and ADH
How does ADH increase water reabsorption
Increases aquaporin 2 channels in the apical membrane
What do the intercalated cells do
Alpha cells secrete hydrogen ions and beta cells secrete by bicarbonate
What level does the renal artery come off the abdominal aorta
L1
What are the divisions of the renal artery
Anterior and Posterior Interlobar Arcuate Interlobular Afferent arteriole
What is the renal pelvis lined by
Urothelium
What does the renal pelvis do
Transports filtrate from nephron to ureter
What is urothelium
A stratified epithelium that can stretch in 3 dimensions
What cells are on the surface of urothelium
Umbrella cells
How do umbrella cells prevent the passage of urine between them
They have tight intercellular junctions
What is underneath the umbrella cells in the urothelium
Pseudostratified layer of polygonal cells
What are the layers of muscle in the ureters
Inner longitudinal and outer circular
What is the bladder lined by
Urothelium
What creates a functional valve in the bladder
The world to find muscularis propria which the Ureta has to pass through to get to the bladder
What is the proximal female urethra lined by
Transitional epithelium
What is the distal female urethra lined by
Squamous epithelium
What glands open to the female urethra
Paraurethral and periurethral
What are the parts of the male urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile urethra
What is the prostatic urethra line by
Urothelium
What is the membranous urethra lined by
Urothelium
What is the proximal penile urethra lined by
Pseudostratified epithelium
What is the distal penile urethra lined by
Stratified squamous epithelium
