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Histology 101 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts

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2
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts?

A

To produce bone

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3
Q

What is the Function of osteoclasts?

A

Resorption of bone

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4
Q

What is in the extracellular matrix of bone

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

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5
Q

What does calcium hydroxyapatite do

A

Give strength to bones

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6
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells derived from

A

Mesenchyme

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7
Q

What secretes osteoid

A

Osteoblasts

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8
Q

What is osteoid

A

Unmineralised bone

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9
Q

How are osteocyte connected

A

Canaliculi which supplies the blood

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10
Q

What are osteoclasts derived from

A

Monocytes

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11
Q

What histological feature does osteoclast absorption of bone produced

A

Howship’s Lacunae

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12
Q

What are Howship’s Lacunae?

A

Depressions in the surface of bone

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13
Q

What are the modes of bone formation

A

Membranous or endochondrial

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14
Q

What are the origins of bone

A

Primary (woven)

Secondary (lamellar)

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15
Q

What is Osteoid?

A

An extracellular matrix rich of type 1 collagen, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans 

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16
Q

What do glycosaminoglycans include?

A

Compounds such as osteocalcin  which has a high affinity for calcium ions

17
Q

What do parallel sheets of osteoid produce?

A

Lamellar bone

18
Q

How is woven bone produced?

A

Osteoid produced rapidly by osteoblasts

19
Q

When is woven bone produced?

A

In fetal life and at fracture site

20
Q

When does osteoid mineralise

A

When there is a high local concentration of calcium and phosphate ions

21
Q

What enzyme aids mineralisation of osteoid?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

22
Q

What does osteocalcin do

A

Binds calcium ions to Osteoid.

23
Q

What is calcium deposited in bone as?

A

Calcium hydroxyapatite

24
Q

What is in secondary bone?

A

Central Haversian Canal containing blood vessels

Concentric rings of lamellar bone with entrapped osteocytes

25
Q

Which bones form from intramembranous ossification

A

Flat bones of the skull

26
Q

Which bones form from endochondral ossification

A

All except flat bones of the skull and some cortical bones

27
Q

Where are secondary centres of ossification

A

In the head or epiphysis of bones

28
Q

What are synovial joints lined by

A 
Hyaline cartilage (articulated surface)
Synovium (inner surface)
29
Q

What are type A synovial cells

A

Phagocytes

30
Q

What are type B synovial cells

A

Rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and secrete synovial fluid

Histology 101 (14 decks)

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