Blood Flashcards
What is serum
Plasma minus the clotting factors
What are the most common cells in the blood
RBCs
Why are red blood cells biconcave
To increase the surface area of them
Where are the red blood cells produced in the fetus and the adult
Foetus - liver
Adult - haematopoitic bone marrow
Where are the red blood cells destroyed
The liver and spleen
Which cells are granulocytes
Neutrophils eosinophils and basophils
What proportion of leucocytes the eosinophils make up
5%
What blood cells are agranulocyte
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What are the most common white blood cells
Neutrophils
What are some features about a neutrophil
multi lobed nucleus
granular cytoplasm
Phagocytes
What are the primary phagocytes
Neutrophils
How do neutrophils phagocytose things
Respiratory burst - using myeloperoxidases 
What are myeloperoxidase used for
Respiratory burst of neutrophils
What are myeloperoxidase stored in
Lysosomes
What cells increase in a parasitic infection
Eosinophils
What is a feature of an eosinophil
Bilobed nucleus
Are Basophils common
No they make up only half a percentage of the white blood cells
What do basophil granules contain
Histamine
What are basophils the circulating form of
 mast cells
What type of hypersensitivity are basophils involved in
Type 1
They have IgE receptors
What are the types of lymphocytes
B and T cells
What do B lymphocyte cells do
Become plasma cells and secrete antibodies
What do T cells do
They’re involved in cell mediated immunity
Where do T cells develop
In the thymus
Where do B cells develop
The bone marrow
What do T-helper cells do
Healthy cells activate macrophages
What is a characteristic of a monocyte
They have a kidney bean shaped nucleus
What do monocytes differentiate into
Antigen presenting cells
Kupffer cells
Osteoclasts
Alveolar macrophages 
What are platelets formed from
Megakaryocytes
Which Haematopoietic phone series lies next to the bone
The myelon series
What does the myelon series give rise to
WBCs
Where does the erythron series lie
Between bony trabeculae
Where are megakaryocytes found
Between bony trabeculae
What is the change in erythropoesis
Decrease cell size
Increased haemoglobin production
reduced organelles
