Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What is respiratory epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
What is the function of the nose
Filtration
Humidifying
Olfaction 
 Where does the respiratory epithelium begin in the nose
Deep to where the nose sticks out
What epithelium is in the roof of the nasal cavity
Olfactory epithelium
What is the difference between respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium doesn’t have goblet cells
What cilia are present in olfactory epithelium
Stereocilia which are non-motile
What do the serious glands of Bowman do
Secrete a watery fluid which helps to wash the surface clean
What are the olfactory receptor cells
Club shaped ciliated olfactory vesicles that are bipolar neurons
What are the functions of the nasopharynx
Gas transport
humidification
warming
What are the nasal sinuses called
Frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
Sphenoid
What is the function of the nasal sinuses
Lower the weight of the skull
add resonance to the voice
humidify and warm inspired air
What is the larynx formed from
Almost entirely Hyline cartilage
What is the epi-glottis formed from
Elastic cartilage
Is the larynx above or below the epiglottis
it’s below
What part of the larynx isn’t lined by respiratory epithelium
The vocal chords
What are the vocal cords lined by
Stratified squamous epithelium
Where would you find Reinke’s space
In the vocal chords
What muscle is associated with vocal chords
the vocalis muscle
What is cartilage is in the trachea
Hyline cartilage
What is adjacent to the hyaline cartilage in the respiratory tract
Perichondrium
What muscle fills the gap between the C-shaped rings of the trachea
The trachealis 
What is the epithelium of the bronchioles
Ciliated columnar epithelium
Where would you find Clara cells
The bronchioles
What do the respiratory bronchioles do
Link the terminal bronchioles to the alveolar ducts
How many alveoli are there per lung
150-400 million
What is most of the cell surface area of the alveoli lined by
Type 1 pneumocytes - 90%
What type of cells are type 1 pneumocytes
Squamous epithelial cells
How much of the cell population do the type 1 pneumocytes
40%
What do the type 2 pneumocytes do
Produce surfactant
 Which alveolar cell has more organelles
Type II alveolar cells
What is the purpose of surfactant
to lower surface tension in the lungs
Makes it easier to inflate the lungs
When is surfactant first produced in a fetus
28 weeks
What are the cells of the alveoli
Type one and two pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages
Where are alveolar macrophages derived from
Blood monocytes
How thick is the blood air barrier in the alveoli
200 - 800 nm
What are the layers of the blood air barrier
Surfactant
cell membrane of the type 1 pneumocyte
cytoplasm of a type 1 pneumocytes
cell membrane of the type 1 pneumocyte
Basement membrane
Cell membrane of the vascular endothelial cell
Cytoplasm of the vascular endothelial cell
Cell membrane of the vascular endothelial cell
What are pores of Kohn
Holes between alveoli
What is the function of the pores of Kohn
They help equalise pressure between alveoli
Help to inflate easily and evenly
What is the pleura made up of
Flat mesothelial cells
Where does the visceral pleura line
The outside of the lungs
What does the parietal pleura line
The inner chest wall
