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Histology 101 > Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

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2
Q

What is the function of the nose

A

Filtration
Humidifying
Olfaction 

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3
Q

 Where does the respiratory epithelium begin in the nose

A

Deep to where the nose sticks out

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4
Q

What epithelium is in the roof of the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory epithelium

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5
Q

What is the difference between respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium

A

Olfactory epithelium doesn’t have goblet cells

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6
Q

What cilia are present in olfactory epithelium

A

Stereocilia which are non-motile

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7
Q

What do the serious glands of Bowman do

A

Secrete a watery fluid which helps to wash the surface clean

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8
Q

What are the olfactory receptor cells

A

Club shaped ciliated olfactory vesicles that are bipolar neurons

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9
Q

What are the functions of the nasopharynx

A

Gas transport
humidification
warming

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10
Q

What are the nasal sinuses called

A

Frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
Sphenoid

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11
Q

What is the function of the nasal sinuses

A

Lower the weight of the skull
add resonance to the voice
humidify and warm inspired air

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12
Q

What is the larynx formed from

A

Almost entirely Hyline cartilage

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13
Q

What is the epi-glottis formed from

A

Elastic cartilage

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14
Q

Is the larynx above or below the epiglottis

A

it’s below

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15
Q

What part of the larynx isn’t lined by respiratory epithelium

A

The vocal chords

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16
Q

What are the vocal cords lined by

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Where would you find Reinke’s space

A

In the vocal chords

18
Q

What muscle is associated with vocal chords

A

the vocalis muscle

19
Q

What is cartilage is in the trachea

A

Hyline cartilage

20
Q

What is adjacent to the hyaline cartilage in the respiratory tract

A

Perichondrium

21
Q

What muscle fills the gap between the C-shaped rings of the trachea

A

The trachealis 

22
Q

What is the epithelium of the bronchioles

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

23
Q

Where would you find Clara cells

A

The bronchioles

24
Q

What do the respiratory bronchioles do

A

Link the terminal bronchioles to the alveolar ducts

25
Q

How many alveoli are there per lung

A

150-400 million

26
Q

What is most of the cell surface area of the alveoli lined by

A

Type 1 pneumocytes - 90%

27
Q

What type of cells are type 1 pneumocytes

A

Squamous epithelial cells

28
Q

How much of the cell population do the type 1 pneumocytes

A

40%

29
Q

What do the type 2 pneumocytes do

A

Produce surfactant

30
Q

 Which alveolar cell has more organelles

A

Type II alveolar cells

31
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant

A

to lower surface tension in the lungs

Makes it easier to inflate the lungs

32
Q

When is surfactant first produced in a fetus

A

28 weeks

33
Q

What are the cells of the alveoli

A

Type one and two pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages

34
Q

Where are alveolar macrophages derived from

A

Blood monocytes

35
Q

How thick is the blood air barrier in the alveoli

A

200 - 800 nm

36
Q

What are the layers of the blood air barrier

A

Surfactant
cell membrane of the type 1 pneumocyte
cytoplasm of a type 1 pneumocytes
cell membrane of the type 1 pneumocyte
Basement membrane
Cell membrane of the vascular endothelial cell
Cytoplasm of the vascular endothelial cell
Cell membrane of the vascular endothelial cell

37
Q

What are pores of Kohn

A

Holes between alveoli

38
Q

What is the function of the pores of Kohn

A

They help equalise pressure between alveoli

Help to inflate easily and evenly

39
Q

What is the pleura made up of

A

Flat mesothelial cells

40
Q

Where does the visceral pleura line

A

The outside of the lungs

41
Q

What does the parietal pleura line

A

The inner chest wall

Histology 101 (14 decks)

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