Urinary Red Stuff Flashcards
this is the gradient responsible for filtration
filtration pressure
filtration pressure pushes fluid from ____ across the membrane into the lumen of the __________
glomerular capillary
bowman’s capsule
this is the blood pressure inside the capillary that tends to move fluid our of capillary into bowmans capsule
glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)
this is the pressure of filtrate already in the lumen that tends to move fluid into cpillary
capsule hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
this is caused by protiens in blood
blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
this happens when filtration membrane becomes more permeable and proteins enter the filtrate
acute glomerulonephritis
as a result of acute glomerulonephritis, filtrate colloid osmotic pressure __________ the glomerular filtration rate
increases
low resistance to blood flow in the afferent and glomerlar capillaries, and high resistance to blood flow in efferent arterioles contributes to what
high glomerular capillary pressure
this changes the diameter which alters filtration pressure
dilation
sympathetic stimulation
norepinephrine
as filtrate flows through lumens of proximal tubule, loop of henly, distal tubule, and collecting ducts
tubular reabsorption
in reabsorption each cell has three surfaces
apical
basal
lateral
active transport of Na+ across the basal membrane is linked to
reabsorption of most solutes
symporters in apical membrane couple Na+ transport with transport of what
glucose
concentration of glucose in filtrate exceeds rate of transport
diabetes mellitus
associated with diabetes mellitus
glycosuria
filtrate is concentrated here
the bend in loop of henly
this happens in the loop of henly
reabsorption
this part of loop of henly is highly permeable to water
descending thin segment
this part of the loop of henly is impermeable to water
ascending thin segment
this has variable permeability to water
wall of the distal tubule and the collecting ducts
in the DCT and collecting duct, reabsorption is usually under _________ control
hormonal
reabsorption happens when _____ is present, and produces increased ______
ADH
aquaporins
the movement of nonfiltered substances (solutes) from the blood into the filtrate
tubular secretion
URINE PRODUCTION SUMMARY
what is the muscle surrounding the bladder
detrusor muscle
why do we have the detrusor muscle
to contract and push out urine
the triangular area between the entry point of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra
trigone
this sphincter is specific to men
internal urinary sphincter
this is surroundeding the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor
external urinary sphincter
contractions that move urine through the ureters from the region of renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
peristalsis
when does voluntary control of the external sphincter develop
age 2-3
treatment to renal failure
dialysis
this can result from any condition that interferes with normal kidney function
renal failure
dialysis duplicates the function of what organ
kidneys
what are the 6 functions of the urinary system
excretion
regulation of blood volume and press
regulation of blood solute concentrations
regulation of extracellular fluid pH
stimulation of RBC synthesis
activation of vitamin D
the kidneys lie behind the ______ on the posterior abdominal wall
retroperitoneal
which kidney is slightly lower
right
what is the thin layer of loose connective tissue surrounding the kidney
renal fascia
where the renal artery and nerves enter the kidneys
hilum
the outer area of the kidney that makes up the renal columns
cortex
the inner area of the kidneys that makes up the renal pyramids
medulla
the glomerulus, bowmans capsule and renal corpuscle make up what
nephron
urine moves from the nephron to
the collecting ducts, papillary ducts, minor calyces, major calyces, and then renal pelvis
arterial supply path into kidney
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent arterioles
urine formation pathway starting from afferent arterioles
afferent arterioles
glomerulus
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
venous drainage pathway from kidney
peritubular capillaries
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
renal veins
what is the smallest structure capable of producing urine?
nephron
what does a nephron do
filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion
what is the fluid that is filtered from the glomerular capillaries called? this enters bowman’s capsule
filtrate
when kidneys detect decreased blood pressure, what happens to renin secretion?
increases
the simple squamous epithelium of the bowman’s capsule is called
parietal layer
the specialized pdocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries is called
visceral layer
the first stage of urine formation occurs here
filtration membrane
active reabsorption and secretion happens in this part of nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
diffusion of water occurs in this part of the nephron
loop of henle
active reabsorption of Na, K, Cl happens in this part of the nephron
distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
