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A&P II > Urinary Red Stuff > Flashcards

Urinary Red Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

this is the gradient responsible for filtration

A

filtration pressure

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2
Q

filtration pressure pushes fluid from ____ across the membrane into the lumen of the __________

A

glomerular capillary
bowman’s capsule

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3
Q

this is the blood pressure inside the capillary that tends to move fluid our of capillary into bowmans capsule

A

glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)

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4
Q

this is the pressure of filtrate already in the lumen that tends to move fluid into cpillary

A

capsule hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

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5
Q

this is caused by protiens in blood

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

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6
Q

this happens when filtration membrane becomes more permeable and proteins enter the filtrate

A

acute glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

as a result of acute glomerulonephritis, filtrate colloid osmotic pressure __________ the glomerular filtration rate

A

increases

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8
Q

low resistance to blood flow in the afferent and glomerlar capillaries, and high resistance to blood flow in efferent arterioles contributes to what

A

high glomerular capillary pressure

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9
Q

this changes the diameter which alters filtration pressure

A

dilation

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10
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A

norepinephrine

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11
Q

as filtrate flows through lumens of proximal tubule, loop of henly, distal tubule, and collecting ducts

A

tubular reabsorption

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12
Q

in reabsorption each cell has three surfaces

A

apical
basal
lateral

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13
Q

active transport of Na+ across the basal membrane is linked to

A

reabsorption of most solutes

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14
Q

symporters in apical membrane couple Na+ transport with transport of what

A

glucose

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15
Q

concentration of glucose in filtrate exceeds rate of transport

A

diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

associated with diabetes mellitus

A

glycosuria

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17
Q

filtrate is concentrated here

A

the bend in loop of henly

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18
Q

this happens in the loop of henly

A

reabsorption

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19
Q

this part of loop of henly is highly permeable to water

A

descending thin segment

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20
Q

this part of the loop of henly is impermeable to water

A

ascending thin segment

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21
Q

this has variable permeability to water

A

wall of the distal tubule and the collecting ducts

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22
Q

in the DCT and collecting duct, reabsorption is usually under _________ control

A

hormonal

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23
Q

reabsorption happens when _____ is present, and produces increased ______

A

ADH
aquaporins

24
Q

the movement of nonfiltered substances (solutes) from the blood into the filtrate

A

tubular secretion

25
Q

URINE PRODUCTION SUMMARY

A
26
Q

what is the muscle surrounding the bladder

A

detrusor muscle

27
Q

why do we have the detrusor muscle

A

to contract and push out urine

28
Q

the triangular area between the entry point of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra

A

trigone

29
Q

this sphincter is specific to men

A

internal urinary sphincter

30
Q

this is surroundeding the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor

A

external urinary sphincter

31
Q

contractions that move urine through the ureters from the region of renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

A

peristalsis

32
Q

when does voluntary control of the external sphincter develop

A

age 2-3

33
Q

treatment to renal failure

A

dialysis

34
Q

this can result from any condition that interferes with normal kidney function

A

renal failure

35
Q

dialysis duplicates the function of what organ

A

kidneys

36
Q

what are the 6 functions of the urinary system

A

excretion
regulation of blood volume and press
regulation of blood solute concentrations
regulation of extracellular fluid pH
stimulation of RBC synthesis
activation of vitamin D

37
Q

the kidneys lie behind the ______ on the posterior abdominal wall

A

retroperitoneal

38
Q

which kidney is slightly lower

A

right

39
Q

what is the thin layer of loose connective tissue surrounding the kidney

A

renal fascia

40
Q

where the renal artery and nerves enter the kidneys

A

hilum

41
Q

the outer area of the kidney that makes up the renal columns

A

cortex

42
Q

the inner area of the kidneys that makes up the renal pyramids

A

medulla

43
Q

the glomerulus, bowmans capsule and renal corpuscle make up what

A

nephron

44
Q

urine moves from the nephron to

A

the collecting ducts, papillary ducts, minor calyces, major calyces, and then renal pelvis

45
Q

arterial supply path into kidney

A

renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent arterioles

46
Q

urine formation pathway starting from afferent arterioles

A

afferent arterioles
glomerulus
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta

47
Q

venous drainage pathway from kidney

A

peritubular capillaries
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
renal veins

48
Q

what is the smallest structure capable of producing urine?

A

nephron

49
Q

what does a nephron do

A

filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

50
Q

what is the fluid that is filtered from the glomerular capillaries called? this enters bowman’s capsule

A

filtrate

51
Q

when kidneys detect decreased blood pressure, what happens to renin secretion?

A

increases

52
Q

the simple squamous epithelium of the bowman’s capsule is called

A

parietal layer

53
Q

the specialized pdocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries is called

A

visceral layer

54
Q

the first stage of urine formation occurs here

A

filtration membrane

55
Q

active reabsorption and secretion happens in this part of nephron

A

proximal convoluted tubule

56
Q

diffusion of water occurs in this part of the nephron

A

loop of henle

57
Q

active reabsorption of Na, K, Cl happens in this part of the nephron

A

distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

A&P II (7 decks)

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