Endocrine System Red stuff

Question 1

what are the four classes of chemical messengers

Answer 1

autocrine, paracrine, neurotransmitter, endocrine

Question 2

what do autocrine chemical messengers act on

Answer 2

the cell from which they are secreted

Question 3

what do paracrine chemical messengers act on

Answer 3

locally

Question 4

what do neurotransmitters act on

Answer 4

adjacent cells

Question 5

what do endocrine chemical messengers act on

Answer 5

secreted by endocrine glands and into blood stream

Question 6

how are the endocrine and nervous systems similar?

Answer 6

both use brain, may use same chemical messenger as neurotransmitter and hormone(epinephrine), the two systems are cooperative(innervation)

Question 7

how are the endocrine and nervous systems different?

Answer 7

mode of transport, response speed, duration of response, amplitude(endocrine) vs. frequency(nervous)

Question 8

how does a higher concentration of hormones affect amplitude?

Answer 8

increases response

Question 9

the length of time it takes for half a dose of substance to be eliminated from circulatory system is called

Answer 9

half life

Question 10

regulates activites to stay at a constant rate through time, usually lipid soluble is associated which what half life

Answer 10

long half life

Question 11

water soluble hormones that have rapid response is associated with what half life

Answer 11

short half life

Question 12

hormones communicate with target cells by

Answer 12

receptors

Question 13

when hormones dissolve in blood plasma and are transported in unbound state to shorter half life bc they are subject to degradation by enzymes or filtration kidneys

Answer 13

distribution

Question 14

what kind of hormones travel with binding protiens?

Answer 14

lipid soluble

Question 15

what kind of hormones are large hormones dissolved in plasma and small hormones are bound by protiens?

Answer 15

water soluble

Question 16

maintenance of relatively constant concentration of hormone

Answer 16

chronic hormone secretion

Question 17

rapid increase of hormone in short time due to specific stimulus

Answer 17

acute hormone secretion

Question 18

increase and decrease hormone secretion constantly

Answer 18

episodic (cyclic) hormone secretion

Question 19

three ways to control hormone secretion

Answer 19

humoral, neural, hormonal

Question 20

cells that respond to these stimuli have receptors for substances in the blood

Answer 20

humoral stimuli

Question 21

neurons release either stimulatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 21

neural stimuli

Question 22

endocrine organ can stimulate or inhibit another endocrine organ

Answer 22

hormonal stimuli

Question 23

most hormones have what kind of feedback loop

Answer 23

negative

Question 24

how do hormones exert their effects

Answer 24

binding to receptors

Question 25

a drug that binds a hormone receptor and activates it

Answer 25

agonist

Question 26

drug that binds a hormone receptor and blocks activation

Answer 26

antagonist

Question 27

after cells are exposed to a hormone and the rate at which receptors are synthesized decreases is called

Answer 27

down regulation

Question 28

some stimuli cause an increase in the synthesis of receptors for a hormone, increasing sensitivity to hormone

Answer 28

up-regulation

Question 29

what are the two types of receptors

Answer 29

nuclear receptors, membrane-bound receptors

Question 30

lipid soluble hormones bind to

Answer 30

nuclear receptors

Question 31

water soluble hormones bind to

Answer 31

membrane bound receptors