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A&P II > Reproductive Red Stuff > Flashcards

Reproductive Red Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the reproductive system

A

production of gametes
fertilization
development and nourishment of offspring
production of reproductive hormones

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2
Q

these are diploid cells

A

somatic

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3
Q

these are haploid cells

A

gametes

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4
Q

diamond shape area between the thighs

A

perineum

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5
Q

this wrinkles skin of scrotum to reduce heat loss

A

dartos muscle

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6
Q

this contracts to pull testes closer to the body

A

cremaster

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7
Q

exocrine function of testes

A

production of sperm cells

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8
Q

endocrine function of testes

A

testosterone

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9
Q

within the tunica albuginea lobules, this kind of tubules produce sperm

A

seminiferous

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10
Q

pathway of sperm (list)

A

seminiferous tubules
tubuli recti
rete testis
efferent ductules
epididymis

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11
Q

failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotum

A

cryptorchidism

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12
Q

these cells produce testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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13
Q

sperm cell development is called what

A

spermatogenesis

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14
Q

step 1 of spermatogenesis

A

spermatogonia divide by mitosis

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15
Q

step 2 of spermatogenesis

A

primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis I

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16
Q

step 3 of spermatogenesis

A

secondary spermatocytes divide by meiosis II

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17
Q

site of sperm cell maturation

A

epididymis

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18
Q

three parts of the male urethra

A

prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy or penile urethra

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19
Q

three columns of erectile tissue in penis

A

corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
crurua and bulb

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20
Q

this produces about 60% of semen

A

seminal vesicles

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21
Q

this produces about 30% of semen

A

prostate gland

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22
Q

this produces about 5% of semen

A

bulbourethral glands

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23
Q

secretions of all three accessory glands plus sperm makes up

A

semen

24
Q

discharge of semen into prostatic urethra

A

emission

25
Q

stimulate uterine contraction

A

prostaglandins

26
Q

the age when an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction

A

puberty

27
Q

pituitary becomes less sensitive to testosterone inhibition during when

A

puberty

28
Q

elevated FSH during puberty causes what

A

sperm cell formation

29
Q

effects of testosterone

A

enlargement of genitals, hair growth, increased metabolic rate, rapid bone growth

30
Q

site of fertilization

A

uterine tube

31
Q

the production of eggs is called

A

oogenesis

32
Q

primary oocytes begin first meiotic division when

A

at birth

33
Q

where is the first arrest of primary oocytes

A

prophase I

34
Q

a primordial follicle is made and all remain at this state until

A

puberty

35
Q

a mature follicle is called

A

graafian follicle

36
Q

secondary oocyte is released from the ovary

A

ovulation

37
Q

the second arrest happens when

A

metaphase II

38
Q

the Graafian follicle ruptures to release the oocyte and becomes

A

corpus luteum

39
Q

after fertilization, the secondary oocyte becomes a

A

zygote

40
Q

the section of the filloppian tubes where fertilization occurs

A

ampulla

41
Q

what are the three layers of the uterine tubes

A

serosa, muscular, mucosa

42
Q

3 layers of the uterus body

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

43
Q

which layer of the endometrium is shed

A

functional layer

44
Q

how long is the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

45
Q

when is ovulation during the cycle

A

day 14

46
Q

this is the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium

A

menses

47
Q

estrogen makes uterine tissue more or less sensitive

A

more

48
Q

progesterone helps

A

thicken endometrium

49
Q

in the presence of progesterone, spiral arteries remain ______

A

dilated

50
Q

this stimulates the development of fillicles

A

FSH

51
Q

this benchmark in hormone stimulates ovulation

A

LH surge

52
Q

this secretes progesterone for the 12 days after ovulation

A

corpus luteum

53
Q

up to how many hours after ovulation can an oocyte be fertilized

A

24 hours

54
Q

sperm cells can be viable for up to how many days in the female tract

A

6 days

55
Q
A

A&P II (7 decks)

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