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A&P II > Endocrine Glands Red Stuff > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands Red Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

this connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

A

infundibulum

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2
Q

the hypothalamus regulates secretions of this

A

anterior pituitary

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3
Q

what is an extension of the hypothalamus

A

posterior pituitary

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4
Q

the 9 major hormones produced within the pituitary gland do what two main functions

A

regulate body functions
regulate the secretions of other endocrine glands

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5
Q

neurohypophysis describes what part of the pituitary

A

posterior pituitary

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6
Q

adenohypophysis describes what part of the pituitary

A

anterior pituitary

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7
Q

what connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary

A

hypothalamohypophysial tract

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8
Q

the posterior pituitary glands produce which hormones

A

ADH, and Oxytocin

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9
Q

how are the hormones in the hypothalamus passed to the posterior pituitary?

A

axons

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10
Q

ADH stimulant

A

increased blood osmolality and decreased blood pressure

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11
Q

ADH target tissue

A

kidney tubules

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12
Q

ADH response

A

increased water retention

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13
Q

oxytocin stimulant

A

uterine stretch, cervical stimulation, nipple stimulation

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14
Q

oxytocin target tissue

A

uterus, mammary glands

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15
Q

oxytocin response

A

stimulates smooth muscle, uterus contraction, stimulates milk release

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16
Q

this it thought of as the “cuddle” hormone

A

oxytocin

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17
Q

these are hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones from target tissues

A

tropic hormones

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18
Q

GH stimulant

A

GHRH

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19
Q

GH is inhibited by

A

GHIH

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20
Q

GH targets

A

most body tissues
indirectly by somatomedins to liver and skeletal muscles

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21
Q

GH response

A

promotes protein synthesis and tissue building

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22
Q

this type of growth disorder comes from hyposecretion of GH during childhood

A

pituitary dwarfism

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23
Q

this type of growth disorder comes from hypersecretion of GH during childhood

A

gigantism

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24
Q

this type of growth disorder comes from hypersecretion of GH during adulthood

A

acromegaly

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25
Q

TSH is stimulated by

A

TRH

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26
Q

TSH is inhibited by

A

thyroid hormones

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27
Q

TSH targets

A

thyroid gland

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28
Q

TSH response

A

secretion of thyroid hormones, T3 and T4

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29
Q

ACTH stimulated by

A

CRH

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30
Q

ACTH stimulated by

A

cortisol

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31
Q

ACTH targets

A

adrenal cortex

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32
Q

ACTH response

A

cortisol secretion

33
Q

MSH is stimulated by

A

POMC

34
Q

MSH does what

A

increases melanin deposition in the skin

35
Q

what produces pain relief and is associated with runner’s high

A

B endorphins

36
Q

prolactin is stimulate by

A

PRH

37
Q

Prolactin is inhibited by

A

PIH

38
Q

prolactin targets

A

mammary glands and ovaries

39
Q

prolactin response

A

enlarged mammary glands, increased milk productionl

40
Q

LH and FSH are stimulated by

A

GnRH

41
Q

LH and FSH target

A

gonads

42
Q

what is the only gland that stores hormone

A

thyroid gland

43
Q

where is iodine produced

A

thyroid

44
Q

thyroglobulin is produced where

A

follicles within the thyroid

45
Q

what secretes calcitonin

A

parafollicular cells

46
Q

iodine is necessary for converting Tg to what

A

T3 & T4

47
Q

This is the condition for abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

Goiter

48
Q

This is the condition for inadequate production of thyroid hormones (associated with iodine deficiency)

A

hypothyroidism

49
Q

this causes increased metabolic rate

A

hyperthyroidism

50
Q

calcitonin is stimulated by

A

high Ca2+ concentration in blood

51
Q

calcitonin targets what

A

bone, kidneys and intestines

52
Q

calcitonin response

A

decreased osteoclast activity
increases Ca2+ excretion by kidneys

53
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located

A

embedded in posterior thyroid

54
Q

what cells secrete parathyroid hormone

A

chief cells

55
Q

PTH is stimulated by

A

decreased blood Ca2+ levels

56
Q

PTH is inhibited by

A

increased blood Ca2+ levels

57
Q

PTH target tissues

A

bones, kidneys, intestines

58
Q

PTH response

A

increase blood Ca2+ concentrations

59
Q

when blood Ca2+ is increased, calcitonin secretion _____ and bone resorption and Ca2+ uptake ______

A

increase, decrease

60
Q

when blood Ca2+ is decreased, Parathyroid hormone secretion ______ and bone reabsorption and Ca2+ uptake ______

A

increase, increase

61
Q

the inner layer of the adrenal gland is

A

medulla

62
Q

the outer layer of the adrenal gland is called______ and is made of what three layers

A

cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

63
Q

mineralocorticoids (ex: aldosterone) are produced by what layer of the adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa

64
Q

glucocorticoids (ex: cortisol) are produced by what layer of the adrenal cortex

A

zona fasciculata

65
Q

androgens are produced by what layer of the adrenal cortex

A

zona reticularis

66
Q

glucocorticoids decrease ___________________ and _______________

A

intensity of inflammation and immune response

67
Q

what is both an endocrine and exocrine organ

A

pancreas

68
Q

acinar cells are the ______ gland portion of the pancreas

A

exocrine

69
Q

the pancreatic islets are the ______ gland portion of the pancreas

A

endocrine

70
Q

islets of langerhans are composed of what 3 types of cells

A

alpha, beta, delta

71
Q

within the pancreas these cells secrete glucagon

A

alpha

72
Q

within the pancreas these cells secrete insulin

A

beta

73
Q

within the pancreas these cells secrete somatostatin (which inhibits GH)

A

delta

74
Q

melatonin is produced by what organ

A

Pineal gland

75
Q

what stimulates melatonin production

A

absence of light

76
Q

what does melatonin help regulate

A

sleep-wake cycles

77
Q

thymosin is produced where

A

thymus gland

78
Q

thymosin is responsible for

A

immune system maturation

79
Q

gastrin is produced where

A

gastrointestinal tract

A&P II (7 decks)

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