Voiding LUTs
- terminal dribbling
- weak/intermittent stream
- straining
- hesitancy
- incomplete emptying
Storage LUTs
- urgency
- frequency
- nocturia
- incontinence
Post micturition LUTs
dribbling
Incontinence
involuntary loss of urine
Causes of detrusor muscle failure
- damage due to chronic retention
- LMN lesion
Causes of stress incontinence
- weak urinary outlet
- bladder detrusor muscle contracts abnormally
Stress incontinence is
when increased abdominal pressure overwhelms the sphincters causing leakage
A patient leaks when straining e.g. laughing/coughing, they have:
Stress incontinence
Causes of urge incontinence
detrusor muscle not inhibited so randomly contracts
=> creates high bladder pressure so bladder fails to store urine
Urge incontinence is
when you get sudden urge to urinate due to overactive bladder
Mixed incontinence is
a combination of weak urinary outlet and failure of bladder to store urine
Overflow incontinence is
when the bladder is overfull + overflows, leaking through sphincters
Potential causes of overflow incontinence
- hypertrophic prostate
- ineffective bladder detrusor muscle
Other causes of urinary incontinence
- Parkinson’s
- Diabetes
- Bladder cancer
- Hysterorectomy
- Prostatectomy
Impacts on patient of incontinence
- distress
- embarrassment
- inconvenient
- threat to self-esteem
- loss of personal control
- desire for normalisation
