Tuberculosis Flashcards
1
Q
3 key stages of TB infection
A
Primary infection
Latent stage
Active disease
2
Q
Primary stage
A
- first few wks of infection
- most TB bact. cleared by host defences
- those tht survive engulfed by macrophages + lie dormant
3
Q
Active TB
A
- dormant bacteria reactivated + multiply
4
Q
Factors increasing risk of TB reactivation
A
- v advanced age
- HIV infection
- corticosteroid use
- anti-inflammatory drugs e.g. Adalimumab,Etanercept, andInfliximab
- Diabetes
- Head+neck cancer
- surgery to remove part OR all of stomach
- severe chronic kidney problems
- tobacco use
- substantial weight loss
5
Q
Where are most new cases of TB emerging from?
A
Southeast Asia - 45%
6
Q
4 MAJOR risk factors for TB
A
- having HIV/AIDs - significantly increased risk, TB causes 40% of deaths in these groups
- living in group facilities: shelters, long-term care facilities, prisons
- homelessness
- extreme poverty
7
Q
Clinical features of TB
A
- cough - most common
- sml amount of green/yellow sputum
- sputum may be streaked w blood
- fatigue
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- night sweats
- fever
- SOB
8
Q
Why are multiple antibiotics given for TB treatment?
A
TB bact develop resistance quickly if only 1 type of AB given
9
Q
Intensive phase of TB treatment
A
People take four antibiotics for 2 months.
10
Q
Continuation phase of TB treatment
A
People take only 2 antibiotics for 4 to 7 more months, depending on the results of sputum tests and chest x-rays
11
Q
Most commonly used first-line antibiotics for TB treatment
A
- Isoniazid
- Rifampin
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
12
Q
Second-line antibiotics for TB
A
- Aminoglycosides - streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin
- Fluoroquinolones - levofloxacin + moxifloxacin
