Urinary - pH Flashcards
Define Alkalaemia
A rise in pH above 7.45
A rise higher than 7.65 has an 80% mortality
What is an effect of Alkalaemia?
Decrease in Free Calcium, this increases neuronal excitability which can lead to Tetany and Parasthesia
Define Acidaemia?
A lowering in pH below 7.35
Life threatening below 7.1
What are effects of Acidaemia?
Increase in K+, affects excitability, particularly cardiac
Increase in H+ leads to denaturing proteins (enzymes etc)
What is the equation for plasma pH?
The ratio of HCO3-/pCO2
Normally 20 times as much
What can change HCO3- levels?
The kidneys affect HCO3- levels
Can compensate for acid/alkalaemia
It recovers and produces more HCO3-
What can change pCO2 levels?
Respiration Rate
Hypoventilate can increase pCO2 (can only slightly compensate for metabolic acid/alk.)
Hyperventiliation can decrease pCO2
What is respiratory acidaemia?
When hypoventilation increases pCO2 and therefore pH
How do we calculate pH?
The Henderson-Hasselbach equation
