Urinary incontinence

Question 1

when can anti-muscarinic agents be given for urinary incontinence

Answer 1

over-active bladder

Question 2

what are some of the anti-muscarinic agents that can be given

Answer 2

oxybutynin
tolterodine
darifenicin

Question 3

side effects of anti-muscarinics

Answer 3

dry mouth
constipation
blurred vision
somnolence

Question 4

what class of drug is mirabegron

Answer 4

B3 adrenoreceptor agonist

Question 5

action of mirabegron

Answer 5

relaxes bladder smooth muscle

increases voiding interval and inhibits spontaneous bladder contractions

Question 6

what can be added for over-active bladder if nocturia

Answer 6

desmopressin (synthetic ADH)

Question 7

management of stress incontinence

Answer 7

duloxetine - noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (increases intraurethral closure pressure)

Question 8

what is cystocele

Answer 8

anterior pelvic prolapse

Question 9

what is enterocele

Answer 9

middle/apical pelvic prolapse

Question 10

what is rectocele

Answer 10

posterior pelvic prolapse

Question 11

general symptoms of prolapse

Answer 11

bulging 
pressure 
'mass' 
splinting vaginal wall 
difficulty inserting tampon

Question 12

pain with intercourse and difficulty voiding urine

Answer 12

anterior/middle compartment prolapse

Question 13

incomplete defecation

Answer 13

posterior prolapse

Question 14

what I complete eversion

Answer 14

all compartments

Question 15

management for prolapse

Answer 15

conservative
pessaries (bands)
surgery

Question 16

SE of pessaries

Answer 16

discharge
ulceration (leading to fistula)
fibrous bands