Histology of female reproductive tract

Question 1

structure of the ovary

Answer 1

inner medulla

outer cortex

Question 2

what type of connective tissue in medulla

Answer 2

loose

Question 3

what are the 2 layers of the ovarian cortex

Answer 3

tunica albuginea (outer, dense connective tissue)
germinal epithelium (single layer of cuboidal cells)

Question 4

what are oogonia

Answer 4

pre-mature female gametes

Question 5

when are oogonia formed

Answer 5

week 6 of embryonic development

Question 6

what is oogenesis

Answer 6

development of premature oogonia to mature oocytes

Question 7

what is folliculogenesis

Answer 7

growth of the follicle

Question 8

what at the 4 stages of follicular development

Answer 8

primordial follicle
primary follicle
secondary follicle
mature graafian follicle

Question 9

histological hallmarks of primary follicle

Answer 9

cuboidal granulosa cells
enlarged oocyte
zona pellucida (between oocyte and granulosa began to form

Question 10

histological hallmarks of secondary follicle

Answer 10

antrum develops and fills with follicular fluid in granulosa cell layer

Question 11

function of theca folliculi on outside of follicles

Answer 11

secretes oestrogen precursors (these are turned to oestrogen by granulosa cells)

Question 12

what happens to follicle after ovulation

Answer 12

turns into corpus luteum

Question 13

what hormones are secreted by corpus luteum

Answer 13

progesterone (and some oestrogen)

Question 14

what happens to corpus luteum if no implantation occurs

Answer 14

it becomes corpus albicans

Question 15

if implantation occurs, what prevents degeneration of corpus luteum

Answer 15

HCG secreted by the placenta

Question 16

what kind of epithelium is present in uterine tubes and why

Answer 16

ciliated

propels oocyte down tubes

Question 17

most common place of fertilisation

Answer 17

ampulla

Question 18

what kind of epithelium is in ampulla

Answer 18

single columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells

surrounded by 2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 19

how many layers of smooth muscle in the isthmus

Answer 19

3

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 20

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Question 21

what are the 2 layers of the endometrium

Answer 21

stratum functionalis

stratum basilis

Question 22

what layer of endometrium is shed during menstruation

Answer 22

stratum functionalis

Question 23

what hormone triggers stratum basilis to regenerate stratum functionalis

Answer 23

oestrogen

Question 24

how is stratum functionalis shed

Answer 24

constriction of arterioles causing ischaemia and sloughing of tissue

Question 25

components of myometrium

Answer 25

3 layers of smooth muscle
combined with elastic tissue and collagen
contains blood vessels

Question 26

what kind of epithelium makes up the cervix

Answer 26

fibrous connective tissue
covered by stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface
transitions to columnar epithelium with secretory cells

Question 27

what is the transition zone of the cervix a common site of

Answer 27

dysplasia

Question 28

at the proliferative stage, what type of cervical musous is secreted

Answer 28

thin and watery

Question 29

what type of cervical mucous is secreted post ovulation

Answer 29

thick and viscous

Question 30

what are the 4 layers of the vagina

Answer 30

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
adventitia

Question 31

what do commensal bacteria in vagina do

Answer 31

glycogen -> lactic acid

prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria