hormones in menstruation and pregnancy

Question 1

what are the two phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 1

follicular

luteal

Question 2

what hormone stimulates follicular development

Answer 2

FSH

Question 3

what secretes FSH and LH

Answer 3

anterior pituitary

Question 4

what hormone stimulates FSH and LH to be released and where does it come from

Answer 4

GnRH from hypothalamus

Question 5

what does the follicle secrete

Answer 5

oestrogen

Question 6

what effect does oestrogen have on FSH

Answer 6

negative feedback - increasing oestrogen decreases FSH

Question 7

what effect does oestrogen have on LH

Answer 7

positive feedback - increasing oestrogen increases LH

Question 8

what is ‘LH surge’

Answer 8

peak conc of LH which stimulates ovulation

Question 9

effect of LH on follicle

Answer 9

causes it to release oocyte

promotes formation of corpus luteum

Question 10

what does corpus luteum secrete

Answer 10

progesterone (and some oestrogen)

Question 11

role of progesterone

Answer 11

prepares endometrium for implantation 
maintains endometrium in early pregnancy 
increases basal body temp
relaxes smooth muscle 
produces thick cervical mucous

Question 12

if no implantation occurs, what happens

Answer 12

triggers corpus luteum regression

Question 13

effect of corpus luteum regression

Answer 13

decreased progesterone and oestrogen conc

increase in FSH conc

Question 14

if implantation occurs, what hormone signals corpus luteum to stay alive

Answer 14

HCG produced by placenta

Question 15

what other hormones does placenta produce

Answer 15

HCS - promotes protein tissue formation (breast enlargement)
progesterone
oestrogen

Question 16

after birth, what does decreased oestrogen production cause

Answer 16

increase in prolactin - prepare for breastfeeding

Question 17

role of oestrogen

Answer 17

endometrial thickening
produces thin cervical mucous
increased sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys
increased water conc in uterus

Question 18

what hormonal changes occur in pregnancy

Answer 18

diabetic (increased insulin resistance)hyperparathyroid
hyperthyroid
hyperoestrogenic
hyperprogesterogenic
hypertensive

Question 19

effect of progesterone in pregnant ladies

Answer 19

development of decidual cells
decreases uterus contractility
preparation for lactation

Question 20

effect of oestrogen in pregnant ladies

Answer 20

enlargement of uterus
breast development
relaxation of ligaments

Question 21

what does the estriol level indicate

Answer 21

if high, may indicate congenital abnormalities e/g/ down’s syndrome

Question 22

when does ovulation occur

Answer 22

14 days before next menses

Question 23

how long before ovulation does LH surge occur

Answer 23

24-36 hours

Question 24

how quick and by how much does HCG increase

Answer 24

doubles 50% in 48 hours