ANATOMY 4 Flashcards
3 layers of pelvic floor
diaphragm
perineal pouch
perineal membrane
what makes up pelvic diaphragm
levator ani
coccygeus
what is the gap at front of pelvic diaphragm called and what passes through it
urogenital hiatus
urethra and vagina and prostate
attachments of coccygeus
ischial spine to coccyx
attachment of levator ani
pubic bones ischial spines tendinous arch of levator ani perineal body coccyx
what are the 3 parts of levator ani
puborectalis (most medial)
pubococcygeus (middle, biggest)
iliococcyeus (most lateral and inferior)
levator ani is contracted/relaxed most of the time
contracted
what is endo-pelvic facia
connective tissue, areolar tissue and fibrous tissue which gives extra support to pelvis
what are pelvig ligaments giving extra support
uterosacral
transverse cervical (cardinal)
lateral ligament of bladder
lateral rectal ligaments
what is contained in deep perineal pouch
part of urethra
bulbourethral glands (males)
neurovascular bundles for penis/clitoris
extension of ichioanal fat pads and muscles
muscles in perineal pouch
external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
what is perineal membrane
thin sheet of touch deep fascia
what does vaginal prolapse present as
lump in vaginal wall
how is vaginal/uterine prolapse repaired
sacrospinous fixation (sutures in the ligament)
risk of sacrospinous fixation
injury to pudendal neurovascular bundle and sciatic nerve
where do majority of arteries to pelvis and perineum arise from
internal iliac artery
what arteries of pelvis and perineum do not arise from internal iliac
gonadal artery (L2 abdominal artery) superior rectal artery (continuation of superior mesenteric)
what does the inferior epigastric artery sit in
lateral umbilical fold
where does most venous drainage go to from pelvis and perineum
internal iliac
where does superior rectal vein drain
hepatic portal vein
where does lateral sacral vein drain to
internal vertebral venous plexus
what nodes does superior pelvic viscera drain to
external iliac nodes
where does external iliac nodes then drain
aortic
thoracic duct
venous system
where does inferior pelvic viscera drain to (deep perineum)
internal iliac nodes
where does internal iliac nodes then drain
common iliac
aordtic
thoracic duct
venous system
where does superficial perineum drain to
superficial inguinal nodes
