Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thrall > Urinary Bladder > Flashcards

Urinary Bladder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three different parts of the urinary bladder?

A

Apex - cranially
Body
Neck - caudally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many ligaments does the urinary bladder have?

What are they?

A

Two lateral
One ventral
Peritoneal reflections they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The uterus lays between what structures?

A

Urinary bladder - ventrally

Colon - dorsally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pelvic urinary bladder may indicate what?

A

Normal variation
Congenital urinary tract anomalies
Correlate with clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Point apex may indicate?

A

Persistent urachal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Emphysematous cystitis can place gas where?

A

Luminal
Wall
Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emphysematous cystitis is associated with what other disease?

A

Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are compression views used for?

A

To push summated tissues out of the way to confirm abnormalities like calculi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other differentials for mineralization in bladder?

A

Neoplasia
Chronic cystits
Calculi - MAIN ONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indications for retrograde csytogram?

A

1) Clinical signs
Dysuria
Pollakiuria
Chronic hematuria

2) Radiographic signs
Changes in opacity of urinary bladder
Caudal abdominal mass
Non visualization of the bladder after trauma
Abnormal shape or location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Retrograde Cystography prep

A

1) Fast for 24 hours

2) Enema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of contrast is used in positive contrast?

Negative contrast?

A

PC = Iodides
NC = Air, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide
*** Air can cause emboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complication of pushing contrast on a maximal distended bladder?

A

Contrast intramural and subserosal which can cause ulcer or granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amount of positive contrast for pos contrast study?

A

3.5ml - 10ml per kg should be used at 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Views after contrast?

A

Lateral, DV and two obliques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What cystic calculi cannot be see radiographically?

A

Urate

Cystine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Positive contrast and double contrast studies are used more than negative contrast study T/F

A

True - neg contrast not used much

18
Q

Positive contrast is good for?

A

Tears
Location of bladder
Abnormal communications
Hernias

19
Q

Double contrast is performed by…

A

0.5-1ml undiluted for cats
1-6 ml undiluted for dogs
THEN
Distend bladder with neg contrast

20
Q

Double contrast study used for…

A

Filling defects - mass vs calculi

Wall lesions

21
Q

Irregular mucosa DDx

A

Ulcer
Neoplasia
Hyperplasia
Inadequate bladder distention

22
Q

Bladder wall thickeness is normally ~?

A

~1mm

23
Q

Bladder wall thickening DDX

A

Inadequate bladder distention
Inflammation
Hemorrhage
Neoplasia

24
Q

Where does cystitis like to show thickening?

A

FOCAL thickening of cranioventral… inflammation.. almost always

25
Q

Chronic cystitis can cause what to the distention properties of the bladder?

A

Fibrosis and restrictive

26
Q

Causes for non-sessile filling defects?

A

Calculi
Air bubbles
Blood clots

27
Q

Causes for sessile filling defects?

A 
Neoplasia
Polyps
Blood clots
Adherent calculi
Ureteroceles
28
Q

Cobra-head sign associated with?

A

Ureteroceles

29
Q

Artifacts of cystogram

A

Pseudofilling defects
Large air bubble
Honeycombing
Pseduothick wall

30
Q

Sonographic evaluation of UB is best done when…

A

The UB is moderatley full.

31
Q

Sonographic normal UB wall thickness

A

Dogs - 1.4-2.3mm

Cat - 1.7 +/- 0.6mm

32
Q

Artifact that makes pseudosludge in UB

A

Side lobe artifact

33
Q

Poster child for TCC?

A

Scottish terrier

34
Q

Layers of the Urinary bladder?

A

3 layers
Muscosa - hyperechoic
Submucosa - hypoechoic
Serosa - hyperechoic

35
Q

Blood clots look like what on US?

A

Hyperechoic, nonshadowing, mobile

36
Q

Polypoid cystitis is usually located where?

A

Cranioventral… associated with cystitis

DDX - neoplasia - so follow up US needed or biopsy

37
Q

US characteristics of TCC?

A

Hypoechoic, sessile, board based, irregular

38
Q

Prognostic indicators of TCC?

A

Wall involvement
Trigone location
Heterogeneous echotexture

39
Q

Other neoplastic disease?

A

Leiomyoma - Single, round, well-defined intramural
Leiomyosarcoma - Single, round, well-defined intramural
Fibrosarcoma - Neck of UB of young dogs
Rhadomyosarcomas - Neck of UB of young dogs
Lymphoma

40
Q

Other observations that support neoplasia?

A

Ureter dilation

Lymphadenopathy

41
Q

US description of Ureteroceles

A

Cyst within a cyst… “cystception”

42
Q

What dog breed is most prone to polypoid cystic changes?

A

Springer spaniel

Thrall (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions