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Thrall > Larynx and Trachea > Flashcards

Larynx and Trachea Flashcards

1
Q

Upper airway obstruction can be seen as what on radiographs of the laryngeal region?

A
  1. Air superimposing the cranial larynx (everted saccules)
  2. Larynx caudally displaced
  3. Straightening of the hyoid bones
  4. Expansion of the pharynx
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2
Q

Laryngeal collapse can look like what on radiographs?

A
  1. Diminished visibility of the laryngeal margins
  2. Soft tissue thickening of the larynx
  3. Loss of the laryngeal gas column
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3
Q

Laryngeal narrowing is best seen on what modality?

A

CT

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4
Q

What is the % of cases of epiglottic retroversion that are secondary to another upper airway disease?

A

80%

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5
Q

Which way does laryngeal collapse normally take place? Hint: this is why it is hard to see in on Rads

A

Laterolateral direction

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6
Q

Pharyngeal collapse is usually associated with another upper airway obstruction disorder.. most commonly?

A

Tracheal or bronchial collapse.

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7
Q

What plant species can cause toxic laryngitis?

A

Dieffenbachia

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8
Q

Two most common forms of pharyngolaryngeal mural neoplasia in cats?

A

Lymphoma
Squamous cell carcinoma

With the arytenoid cartilage most often involved.

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9
Q

Two most common forms of pharyngolaryngeal mural neoplasia in Dog?

A

SCC (tonsillar) is the most common

Followed by sarcoma, melanoma and lymphoma.

In the larynx in a dog, rhabdomyo is the most common

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10
Q

What divides the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

Palatopharyngeal

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11
Q

Mineralization of the layngeal cart is normal and is seen in what type of dogs?

A

Large breed - any age

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12
Q

Extension of the neck can cause the tracheal diameter of the trachea to?

A

narrow

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13
Q

What is the difference between a dorsal tracheal membrane and a redundant dorsal tracheal membrane?

A

Redundant implies it is causing a problem

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14
Q

Name three benign etiologies that can look like masses in the larynx?

A

Polyp
Cyst
Supprative laryngitis

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15
Q

What is the top differential for lysis of the basihyoid bone?

A

Ectopic thyroid carcinoma

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16
Q

Norwich terries commonly have what in their laryngeal region?

A

Supra-arytenoid swelling

Laryngeal narrowing

17
Q

Nasopharyngeal stenosis is a congential disease in what breed of dog?

A

Dachshund

18
Q

Nasopharyngeal stenosis is seen due to what etiology in cats?

A

Infectious (rhinotracheitis)

19
Q

Intramural tracheal masses… 5 of them?

A
  1. Osteochondroma - young dog
  2. Lymphoma - Cat
  3. Chondroma
  4. Leiomyoma
  5. Inflammatory polyp
  6. Oslerus osleri (next to the carina)
20
Q

Sequeal of a tracheal rupture?

A
  1. Pseudoairway - Cats
  2. Pseudomediastinum
  3. Diverticulum
21
Q

What is the lowest tracheal diameter:thoracic inlet height in: non-brachycephalics, brachycephalics and Bulldogs

A
  1. Non-brachycephalic - 17%
  2. Brachycephalic - 13%
  3. Bulldog - 9%
22
Q

What is the lowest tracheal diameter:thoracic inlet height in: Cats

A

DSH: 18%
Persians: 20%

23
Q

What is the most physiologic collapse of the trachea allowed on rads? CT?

A

26% - Rads
24% - CT cervical
19% - CT thoracic

24
Q

How to generate coughing pressure to assess for tracheal collapse without having the dog cough?

A

Close mouth and plug nares

25
Q

Signs of an upper airway obstruction (six)?

A
  1. Hyperinflation of the lungs
  2. Upper airway dilation (pharynx)
  3. Caudal displacement of the larynx (C2)
  4. Staightening of the hyoid apparatus
  5. GI aerophagia
  6. Acquire pectus excavatum
26
Q

Doing what to the mouth will help you assess the paryngeal structures on CT or MRI?

A

opening 30-45 degrees.

27
Q

What is the expected shortening of a trachea stent overtime?

A

10%

28
Q

Where does the majority of granulation tissue build up in relation to a tracheal stent?

A

Cranial to the stent

This can be steroid responsive granulomas so try that first.

29
Q

Where do tracheal stent fractures mostly occur?

A

Dorsocaudal aspect of the stent.

Thrall (19 decks)

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