Larynx and Trachea Flashcards
Upper airway obstruction can be seen as what on radiographs of the laryngeal region?
- Air superimposing the cranial larynx (everted saccules)
- Larynx caudally displaced
- Straightening of the hyoid bones
- Expansion of the pharynx
Laryngeal collapse can look like what on radiographs?
- Diminished visibility of the laryngeal margins
- Soft tissue thickening of the larynx
- Loss of the laryngeal gas column
Laryngeal narrowing is best seen on what modality?
CT
What is the % of cases of epiglottic retroversion that are secondary to another upper airway disease?
80%
Which way does laryngeal collapse normally take place? Hint: this is why it is hard to see in on Rads
Laterolateral direction
Pharyngeal collapse is usually associated with another upper airway obstruction disorder.. most commonly?
Tracheal or bronchial collapse.
What plant species can cause toxic laryngitis?
Dieffenbachia
Two most common forms of pharyngolaryngeal mural neoplasia in cats?
Lymphoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
With the arytenoid cartilage most often involved.
Two most common forms of pharyngolaryngeal mural neoplasia in Dog?
SCC (tonsillar) is the most common
Followed by sarcoma, melanoma and lymphoma.
In the larynx in a dog, rhabdomyo is the most common
What divides the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx?
Palatopharyngeal
Mineralization of the layngeal cart is normal and is seen in what type of dogs?
Large breed - any age
Extension of the neck can cause the tracheal diameter of the trachea to?
narrow
What is the difference between a dorsal tracheal membrane and a redundant dorsal tracheal membrane?
Redundant implies it is causing a problem
Name three benign etiologies that can look like masses in the larynx?
Polyp
Cyst
Supprative laryngitis
What is the top differential for lysis of the basihyoid bone?
Ectopic thyroid carcinoma
Norwich terries commonly have what in their laryngeal region?
Supra-arytenoid swelling
Laryngeal narrowing
Nasopharyngeal stenosis is a congential disease in what breed of dog?
Dachshund
Nasopharyngeal stenosis is seen due to what etiology in cats?
Infectious (rhinotracheitis)
Intramural tracheal masses… 5 of them?
- Osteochondroma - young dog
- Lymphoma - Cat
- Chondroma
- Leiomyoma
- Inflammatory polyp
- Oslerus osleri (next to the carina)
Sequeal of a tracheal rupture?
- Pseudoairway - Cats
- Pseudomediastinum
- Diverticulum
What is the lowest tracheal diameter:thoracic inlet height in: non-brachycephalics, brachycephalics and Bulldogs
- Non-brachycephalic - 17%
- Brachycephalic - 13%
- Bulldog - 9%
What is the lowest tracheal diameter:thoracic inlet height in: Cats
DSH: 18%
Persians: 20%
What is the most physiologic collapse of the trachea allowed on rads? CT?
26% - Rads
24% - CT cervical
19% - CT thoracic
How to generate coughing pressure to assess for tracheal collapse without having the dog cough?
Close mouth and plug nares
Signs of an upper airway obstruction (six)?
- Hyperinflation of the lungs
- Upper airway dilation (pharynx)
- Caudal displacement of the larynx (C2)
- Staightening of the hyoid apparatus
- GI aerophagia
- Acquire pectus excavatum
Doing what to the mouth will help you assess the paryngeal structures on CT or MRI?
opening 30-45 degrees.
What is the expected shortening of a trachea stent overtime?
10%
Where does the majority of granulation tissue build up in relation to a tracheal stent?
Cranial to the stent
This can be steroid responsive granulomas so try that first.
Where do tracheal stent fractures mostly occur?
Dorsocaudal aspect of the stent.
