Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thrall > Horse thorax > Flashcards

Horse thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What views are needed for a full radiographic study of the thorax of an adult horse?

A

Cranioventral
Craniodorsal
Caudoventral
Caudodorsal

Overlapping 14x17 in plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which lung/hemithorax is highlight or seen more clearly on an adult horse? radiograph?

A

The one closest to the plate will be the clearest.

Therefore you may need to shoot from both sides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The right and left lungs of the horse are divided into what lobes?

A

Left with a cranial and caudal component

Right with a cranial, caudal and accessory component.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do the horse lung differ from dogs and cats when it comes to the interlobar fissures?

A

Horse do not have interlobar fissures

Clinical - horse will not show pleural fissure lines when effusive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does radiographic clearance of the lungs of a foal occur after birth?

A

6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is the thymus the largest in a foal?

A

2 months of age and then regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is usually the cause of increased opacity in a recumbent foal?

A

Atelectasis. Foals become atelectatic very fast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is a mild diffuse bronchointerstitial lung pattern normal in an adult horse? What may it be due to?

A

Yes it has been seen in normal horses.

Like secondary to normal abundant lobulation and connective tissue in the horse OR subclinical peribronchial fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to assess the heart of the horse on radiographs?

A

Same as in dogs and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In horses, which age set has bigger hearts when compared to the thorax?

A

Foals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should the height of the heart of foals be measured at?

A

6.6-7.8 x the length of a midthoracic vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should the width of a normal foal heart be measured at?

A

5.6-6.3x the length of a midthoracic vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the modality of choice for pleural disease in a horse?

A

Ultrasound

CT for foals though this is expensive and too small for adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nuclear scintigraphy perfusion and ventilation studies are used for what two diseases?

A
  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2. Excercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does the type of pulmonary patterns correlate well with histopathologic diagnosis?

A

No… pathology that is interstitial can be histopathologically alveolar and visa versa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abscess formation is noted in what percentage of horses with pneumonia?

A

10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does acute or chronic pneumonia have better outcomes in foals?

A

Chronic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in horses is associted with what virus?

A

Equine herpesvirus type 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differentials for diffuse nodular pattern in an adult horse?

A
  1. Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Eosinophilic pneumonopathy (idiopathic pneumonia vs multisystemic)
  3. Pulmonary silicosis

Fungal and metastatic diseases are uncommon in horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When are R. equi radiographic changes most apparent after infection?

A

3 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The severity/number of what radiographic changes are negatively associated with prognosis in foals infected with R. equi?

A
  1. Severity/extent of alveolar pattern

2. Number of pulmonary/cavitary nodules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What percentage of foals infected with R. equi have at least one additional extrapulmonary site of infection?

A

74%

23
Q

What extrapulmonary sites have been noted in R. equi infections?

A
  1. GI
  2. Abdominal lymph nodes
  3. Abdominal abscess
  4. Uveitis
  5. Synovitis
  6. Hepatitis
24
Q

Having extrapulmonary sites of infections with R. equi does what to the prognosis?

A

Significantly reduces it.

25
Q

How to localize a pulmonary nodule in a horse?

A

Take both laterals to see where the lesion is clearer

26
Q

Pulmonary abscess are most commonly detected in what lung lobes?

A

Caudodorsal

27
Q

Pulmonary abscesses are predominantly seen in what age group?

A

Foal 6 month or younger

28
Q

Foals with what type of pulmonary pattern distribution have significantly higher mortality rates?

A

Diffuse or caudodorsal

29
Q

Inflammatory airway disease and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) can be distinguished radiographically how?

A

They can’t

30
Q

What is the most common radiographic changes with RAO and inflammatory airway disease is?

A

Nothin… commonly normal radiographs

Radiographs are used for ruling out things.

31
Q

What is different between recurrent airway obstruction and lower airway disease of other species?

A

RAO does not normally create pulmonary hypertension due to its intermittent nature

32
Q

Best modality to evaluate the ribs for fractures in horses?

A

US and CT

33
Q

Are radiographs a good indicator of clinical signs in horses with exercis-induced pulmonary hemmorrhage?

A

No… they can have no rad signs and look like shit, or a ton of rad changes and look fine.

34
Q

Where are lung changes always seen with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Caudodorsal

35
Q

Can pleural fluid be seen with exercised induced pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Yes

36
Q

Most common reason for a nodular pattern in a horse?

A

Abscessation

37
Q

What is the most common cause of pleural fluid in a horse?

A

Extension of bacterial pneumonia

38
Q

Why do horse not create pleural fissure lines with pleural effusion?

A

Anatomy. Horses lack prominent interlobar fissures.

39
Q

Approximately how much pleural effusion is needed to be seen on radiographs in a horse?

A

1-2L

40
Q

On US, if pleural effusion is just in the ventral thorax how much fluid is present?

A

0.5L

41
Q

On US, if pleural effusion is to the point of the shoulder how much fluid is present?

A

1-2.5L

42
Q

On US, if pleural effusion is 5-7cm dorsal to the point of the shoudler how much fluid is present?

A

5L

43
Q

What is the most common thoracic neoplasia in a horse?

A

Lymphoma

44
Q

Tracheal collapse is most common in what breed of horse?

A

American miniature horses

45
Q

What percentage of American miniature horses have collapsing trachea?

A

6%

46
Q

Aortic-cardiac fistulas are common in?

A

Stallions

47
Q

Where in the aorta are most aortic-cardiac fistulas located?

A

Right aortic sinus

48
Q

Where is a aortic-cardiac fistula commonly located in the heart?

A

Right atrium or ventricle

Dissecting the myocardial spetal wall

49
Q

What nerve is responsible for laryngeal hemiplegia (causing roaring)?

A

LEFT recurrent laryngeal n which wraps around the aorta

50
Q

How can enlarged lymph nodes cause roaring?

A

Left TB ln can cause pressure on the LRL n. causing degeneration.

51
Q

How many pairs of ribs do horses have?

A

18 pairs

52
Q

What is the major coronary artery in a horse?

A

the right… the dog is opposite

53
Q

what is the conus arteriosus?

A

The ouflow portion of the right ventricle that gives rise to the pulmonary trunk.

54
Q

Presence of comet tail artifacts in the caudodorsal lung on thoracic ultrasound has what sensitivity and specificity for induced pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Sensitivity - 85.8%

Specificity - 25.7%

Thrall (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions