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Renal Exam 1 > Urinary Anatomy > Flashcards

Urinary Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are paired urinary organs positioned along the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • kidneys
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2
Q

kidneys are classified as _________ organs

A
  • retroperitoneal organs
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3
Q

what is the serous membrane that lines the inside of the abdomo-pelvic cavity

A
  • peritoneum
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4
Q

urine is conveyed from the kidneys via the _______ where it enters the ________

A
  • ureters

- bladder

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5
Q

what surrounds the right kidney

A
  • renal fat
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6
Q

what two layers of fat surround the kidneys

which is closer to the kidney

A
  • pararenal and perirenal

- perirenal

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7
Q

the two fatty layers surrounding the kidney are separated by

A
  • renal (Gerota’s) fascia
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8
Q

the left kidney lies anterior to ribs

A
  • 11 and 12
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9
Q

the right kidney lies anterior to ribs

A
  • 12
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10
Q

difference between right and left kidney

why

A
  • right kidney is slightly lower than left because of the liver
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11
Q

each kidney is completed invested by a _________

A
  • thin fibrous capsule
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12
Q

poles of the kidney

A
  • superior and inferior pole
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13
Q

medial border of the kidney contains the

A
  • hilum
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14
Q

the hilum is pierced by the

A
  • renal vein
  • renal artery
  • renal pelvis
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15
Q

what are the branches off the aorta (L1) that supply the kidneys

A
  • renal arteries
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16
Q

what continues as the ureter conveying urine to the bladder

A
  • renal pelvis
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17
Q

what drains into the IVC

A
  • renal veins
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18
Q

what is located at the superior pole of the kidney

A
  • adrenal gland
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19
Q

the ________ extends into the medullary regions as _______

A
  • renal cortex

- renal columns

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20
Q

what is the outer region of the kidney called

A
  • renal cortex
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21
Q

what is the inner region of the kidney called

A
  • renal medulla
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22
Q

the renal medulla is arranged in __________ with the broad base facing outward and the apex fitting into a cup-shaped ________

A
  • renal pyramids

- minor calyx

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23
Q

what do the pyramids of the kidneys contain?

A
  • collecting ducts of the nephrons
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24
Q

what are the bottom tips of the pyramids called?

A
  • papilla
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25
Q

the urine passes from the tips of the pyramids into a __________

A
  • minor calyx
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26
Q

~ 12 minor calyces merge to form 2-3 _______

A
  • major calyces
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27
Q

major calyces combine to form the

A
  • renal pelvis
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28
Q

what is the superior portion of the ureter

A
  • renal pelvis
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29
Q

5 functional segments of the kidneys

A
  • superior (apical) segment
  • anterior superior segment
  • anterior inferior segment
  • inferior segment
  • posterior segment
30
Q

each renal artery divides into

A
  • 5 segmental arteries

- they do not anastomose together

31
Q

the segmental arteries are distributed to

A
  • the 5 segments of the kidney
32
Q

segmental arteries give rise to ________ between pyramids

A
  • interlobar arteries
33
Q

interlobar arteries then give rise to the

A
  • arcuate arteries
34
Q

each arcuate artery supplies several _______ that feed into the afferent arteriole that supply the glomeruli

A
  • interlobular arteries
35
Q

__________ is a relatively avascular region of the kidney and can be used by surgeons to gain access to the collection system

A
  • Brodel’s bloodless line
36
Q

the __________ triggers vasoconstriction in the kidney, thereby ___________ renal blood flow

A
  • sympathetic nerves

- reducing

37
Q

the sympathetic splanchnic nerves synapse in the ____________ at the base of the renal arteries

A
  • aorticorenal ganglia/renal plexus
38
Q

where do the sympathetic splanchnic nerves origintae

A
  • T10-T-12 spinal cord levels
39
Q

what then innervates the renal vasculature

A
  • post ganglionic sympathetic nerves
40
Q

the kidneys receive ____________ innervation from the vagus nerve

A
  • parasympathetic
41
Q

pain in the flank may be referred from the

A
  • corresponding kidney
42
Q

the ___________ are muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the _________ through peristaltic action

A
  • ureters

- bladder

43
Q

the __________ (similar to the kidneys) are retroperitoneal structures along their entire course

A
  • ureters
44
Q

the abdominal portion of the ureter descends along the anterior aspect of the ______ muscle where it is crossed by _________ vessels

A
  • psoas muscle

- gonadal vessels

45
Q

the ureter crosses the __________ to enter the pelvis near the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

A
  • pelvic brim
46
Q

the ________ portion of the ureter travels along the lateral pelvic wall and ultimately enters the urinary bladder at the _________-

A
  • pelvic

- uretero-vesical junction

47
Q

which arteries vascularize the abdominal portion of the ureter

A
  • renal
  • gonadal
  • aorta
  • common iliac
48
Q

which arteries vascularize the pelvic portion of the ureters

A
  • internal iliac

- vesical

49
Q

1st constriction site of the ureter

A
  • near the hilum of the kidney (uretero-pelvic junction)
50
Q

2nd constriction site of the ureter

A
  • ureter passes over the iliac vessels
51
Q

3nd constriction site fo the ureter

A
  • ureter traverses the bladder wall (uretero-vesical junction)
52
Q

pain from the ureters from obstruction/distention is conveyed to the spinal cord segments _____-

A
  • T10-L2
53
Q

ureteric pain is usually referred to the _______ quadrant of the body wall and _____ region

A
  • ipsilateral lower quadrant

- groin region

54
Q

obstruction by kidney stones causes _________ of the upper ureter and renal pelvis

which leads to

A
  • dilation or stretching

- pain in lower abdomen and groin

55
Q

pain in lower abdomen and groin is called

A
  • renal colic
56
Q

treatment of kidney stones

A
  • hydration
  • diet control
  • lithotripsy
57
Q

in renal transplantation the donor kidneys are often placed into the _________ and attached to the ______-

A
  • pelvic area (iliac fossa)

- attached to the external iliac vessels

58
Q

_________ from the donor kidney is sutured into the urinary bladder

A
  • ureter
59
Q

which kidney do surgeons generally procure

why

A
  • the left

- the liver isn’t in the way

60
Q

___________ is a muscular reservoir for the temporary storage of urine

A
  • urinary bladder
61
Q

when the bladder is full it can extend into the

A
  • abdomen
62
Q

the bladder lies posterior to the _______ and is covered by ________ on its superior surface

A
  • posterior to pubic symphysis

- covered by peritoneum

63
Q

which part of the urinary bladder is near the pubic symphysis

A
  • apex
64
Q

which part of the urinary bladder is near the base or posterior wall

A
  • fundus
65
Q

which part of the urinary bladder is the majority of the bladder

A
  • body
66
Q

which part of the urinary bladder is the inferior narrow portion and least mobile region

A
  • neck
67
Q

the walls of the urinary bladder are made up of

A
  • detrusor muscle
68
Q

smooth muscle fibers under control of the ____________ near the bladder neck form the _________

A
  • under control of the autonomic nervous system

- form the internal urethral sphincter

69
Q

__________ is a skeletal muscle that contraction prevents urination whereas relaxation of the muscle allows urination

A
  • external urethral sphincter
70
Q

the internal surface of the urinary bladder is the marked by the ______ a smooth triangular shaped region

A
  • trigone
71
Q

the corners of the triangle are formed posterolaterally by the slit-like openings of the ___________ and inferiorly by the __________

A
  • right and left ureters

- urethral opening

Renal Exam 1 (24 decks)

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