Sodium Homeostasis and Edema Flashcards
extracellular fluid is maintained by
- total body sodium
intracellular fluid is maintained by
- sodium concentration
disorders of volume are disorders of
Hypo or hypervolemia
- total body sodium metabolism
These are problems with sodium balance
disorders of sodium concentration are disorders of
Hypo or hypernatremia
- water metabolism
These are problems with water balance
what is the effector molecule for extracellular volume
- chloride
chloride is sensed where
- at the macula densa
edema is palpable swelling produced by expansion of
- interstitial fluid volume
edema is not apparent until interstitial fluid volume has increased by
- 2.5-3 L
placeholder for intracellular fluid
- potassium
placeholder for extracellular fluid
- sodium
placeholder for plasma
- albumin
effective circulating volume is maintained by
- sodium retention and excretion
afferents for volume regulation maintenance/defense
- baroreceptors
- JGA
efferents for volume regulation maintenance/defense
- sympathetic nervous system
- RAAS
- vasopressin/ADH
effect for volume regulation maintenance/defense
- sodium retention
- vasoconstriction
- water retention
afferents for osmoregulation maintenance/defense
- hypothalamic osmoreceptors
efferents for osmoregulation maintenance/defense
- vasopressin/ADH
- thirst
effect of osmoregulation maintenance/defense
- water retention (intake)
when you ingest sodium, does it go to your ICF or ECF first
what is the response?
- ECF
- water will rush out of your cells into the ECF
- you’ll be thirsty
- you’ll release ADH
ANP is release by
- cardiac atria
since the plasma volume is only 3-3.5 liters _______ retains dietary salt and water to replenish fluid lost into the interstitial compartment
- kidneys
two basic steps of edema
- alteration in capillary hydrostatic/oncotic pressure
- retention of dietary sodium and water by the kidneys
possible causes edema formation due to increased hydrostatic pressure due to retention of salt and water
- CHF
- cirrhosis
- nephrosis
possible causes of edema formation due to decreased capillary oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia
- nephrotic syndrome
- cirrhosis
- catabolic states
possible causes of edema formation due to increased capillary wall permeability
- sepsis
- toxins
- anaphylaxis
- inflammation
result of congestive heart failure
- reduction in extracellular volume (effective arterial blood volume)
- activation of SNS, RAAS, ADH
- renal salt and water retention
- often with renal impairment
cardinal features of nephrotic syndrome
- urinary protein excretion of more than 3.5 gram per 24 hours
- hypoalbuminemia
- peripheral edema
- lipiduria
- dyslipidemia
result of heavy proteinuria in nephritic syndrome
- decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- increased interstitial fluid
- increased arterial underfilling
- increased SNS activity, RAAS, aldosterone, ADH
