Boards and Beyond Material

Question 1

additional/loss of isotonic fluid is a change in what volume (ECF or ICF)

Answer 1

• ECF only

Question 2

example of loss of isotonic fluid

Answer 2

• hemorrhage (loss of plasma)

Question 3

example of gain of isotonic fluid

Answer 3

• infusion of normal saline

Question 4

effective circulating volume is extracellular or intracellular fluid

Answer 4

• extracellular fluid

Question 5

patients with heart failure have a _____ cardiac output

Answer 5

• low

Question 6

ECV in patients with heart failure

Answer 6

• low

Question 7

Total body water in patients with heart failure

Answer 7

• high

Question 8

patients with cirrhosis have a ____ SVR

Answer 8

• low

Question 9

ECV in patients with cirrhosis

Answer 9

• low

Question 10

total body water in patients with cirrhosis

Answer 10

• high (asites and full of fluid)

Question 11

definition of renal blood/plasma flow

Answer 11

• how much blood enters the kidney

Question 12

effect of increasing protein levels in the blood on oncotic pressures

Answer 12

• increases oncotic pressure

- draws more fluid back into the capillary

Question 13

what happens to the afferent arteriole with high blood pressure

Answer 13

• it constricts

Question 14

what happens if more NaCl is sensed by the macula densa

Answer 14

• vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole

Question 15

what happens with auto-regulatory mechanisms during severe volume loss

Answer 15

• auto-regulatory mechanisms are overwhelmed

Question 16

normal creatinine

Answer 16

• around 1

Question 17

effect of prostaglandins

Answer 17

• dilate afferent arteriole

- increase RPF

Question 18

effect of NSAIDS

Answer 18

• block prostaglandin production
• constricts afferent arteriole
• decrease GFR and RPF

Question 19

effect of ace inhibitors

Answer 19

• block angioteninsin II

- blocks constriction of efferent arteriole (dilates efferent arteriole)

Question 20

if given inulin or creatinine clearance, you are giving the value of

Answer 20

• GFR

Question 21

in which part of the LOH is NaCl reabsorbed?

Answer 21

• thick portion of ascending limb

Question 22

what part of the neprhon is permeable to urea

Answer 22

• medullary collecting duct

Question 23

ADH effect on on urea

Answer 23

• increases urea resorption

Question 24

effect of angiotensin II

Answer 24

• efferent arteriole constriction
• decreased hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries
• increased oncotic pressure in proximal tubule draws more fluid in.

Question 25

what does angiotensin II act on in the nephron

Answer 25

• the Na+/H+ exchanger

Question 26

what is another role of prostaglandins

Answer 26

• ADH antagonists