Boards and Beyond Material Flashcards
additional/loss of isotonic fluid is a change in what volume (ECF or ICF)
- ECF only
example of loss of isotonic fluid
- hemorrhage (loss of plasma)
example of gain of isotonic fluid
- infusion of normal saline
effective circulating volume is extracellular or intracellular fluid
- extracellular fluid
patients with heart failure have a _____ cardiac output
- low
ECV in patients with heart failure
- low
Total body water in patients with heart failure
- high
patients with cirrhosis have a ____ SVR
- low
ECV in patients with cirrhosis
- low
total body water in patients with cirrhosis
- high (asites and full of fluid)
definition of renal blood/plasma flow
- how much blood enters the kidney
effect of increasing protein levels in the blood on oncotic pressures
- increases oncotic pressure
- draws more fluid back into the capillary
what happens to the afferent arteriole with high blood pressure
- it constricts
what happens if more NaCl is sensed by the macula densa
- vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole
what happens with auto-regulatory mechanisms during severe volume loss
- auto-regulatory mechanisms are overwhelmed
normal creatinine
- around 1
effect of prostaglandins
- dilate afferent arteriole
- increase RPF
effect of NSAIDS
- block prostaglandin production
- constricts afferent arteriole
- decrease GFR and RPF
effect of ace inhibitors
- block angioteninsin II
- blocks constriction of efferent arteriole (dilates efferent arteriole)
if given inulin or creatinine clearance, you are giving the value of
- GFR
in which part of the LOH is NaCl reabsorbed?
- thick portion of ascending limb
what part of the neprhon is permeable to urea
- medullary collecting duct
ADH effect on on urea
- increases urea resorption
effect of angiotensin II
- efferent arteriole constriction
- decreased hydrostatic pressure in peritubular capillaries
- increased oncotic pressure in proximal tubule draws more fluid in.
what does angiotensin II act on in the nephron
- the Na+/H+ exchanger
what is another role of prostaglandins
- ADH antagonists
