Urinary anatomy

Question 1

Sympathetic innervation of kidneys

Answer 1

Sympathetic nerves originate in T12-L1 spinal segments

Question 2

Parasympatheitc innervation of kidneys

Answer 2

Derived from vagus nerve

Question 3

What embryological abnormality results in a duplex kidney (two ureters) and what does it increase the risk of

Answer 3

2 uteric buds

Increased risk of UTI’s

Question 4

What causes a horseshoe kidney

Answer 4

Failure of migration + fusion of kidney poles

Question 5

Two layers of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 5

Visceral (Podocytes) and Parietal

Question 6

At what vertebral level are the tenancy arteries given off of the aorta

Answer 6

L1/2

Question 7

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidney

Answer 7

Split into 4/5 arteries (segmental arteries)

Question 8

What vein from the pelvis drains into the left renal vein

Answer 8

Left gonadal vein

Question 9

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into

Answer 9

IVC

Question 10

Three constrictions of the ureter

Answer 10

Pelvicureteric
Over common iliac artery (pelvic brim)
As it enters the bladder (vesicouteric junction)

Question 11

What ligament is found at the apex of the bladder

Answer 11

Median umbilical ligament

Question 12

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of

Answer 12

The Embryonic Urachus