Oncology Flashcards
What classification is used for staging tumours
TNM Classification
What does TNM stand for
T describes the size of the primary tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissues
N describes regional lymph nodes that are involved
M describes distant metastasis
What does Tx mean
Tumour cannot be evaluated
What does Tis mean
Carcinoma in situ (not really cancer/pre-camcer)
Grades for T
T1-4 (size and/or extension of tumour)
What does Nx mean
Lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
What does N0 mean
Tumour cells absent from regional lymph nodes
What does N1 mean
regional lymph node metastasis present; at some sites, tumour spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes
What does N2 mean
tumour spread to an extent between N1 and N3 (N2 is not used at all sites)
What does N3 mean
tumour spread to more distant or numerous regional lymph nodes (N3 is not used at all sites)
What does M0 mean
no distant metastasis
What does M1 mean
metastasis to distant organs (beyond regional lymph nodes)
What does Mx mean
It was removed from recent edition so may no longer be used but did refer to CANCERS THAT CANNOT BE EVALUATED
