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Misc > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What is tenosynovitis

A
  • Inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath that surrounds a tendon
  • Typically leading to joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
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2
Q

In osteomyelitis for how long does an X-ray remain normal looking

A

The first 10-14 days

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3
Q

Regarding osteomyelitis:

  • Good disc = ?
  • Bad disc = ?
A
  • Good disc = Bad news (tumour)

- Bad disc = Good news (infection)

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4
Q

Define ankylosis

A

Joint stiffness due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint

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5
Q

Describe the antibiotic part of ortho TB treatment

A
  • Initially = Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol for 8 weeks

- Then = Rifampicin + isoniazid for 6-12 months

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6
Q

what disease activity score = clinical remission and what score = eligibility for biologic therapy

A
  • DAS <2.4 = clinical remission

- DAS >5.1 = eligibility for biologic therapy

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7
Q

Outcome of RA

A
  • Life expectancy shortened by ~7 years

- 50% out of workplace within 2 years of diagnosis

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8
Q

Describe the function of the normal synovium

A
  • Maintenance of intact tissue surface
  • Lubrication of cartilage
  • Control of synovial fluid volume + composition
  • Nutrition of chondrocytes within joints
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9
Q

4 types of OI

A
  • Type 1 = Milder form, presents when child starts walking (can be present in adults)
  • Type 4 = Similar to type 1 but more severe
  • Type 11 = Lethal by age 1
  • Type 111 = Progressive deforming with severe bone dysplasia + poor growth
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10
Q

Treatment of osteoporosis

A
  • Bisphosphonates (oral) (first line)
  • Parathyroid Hormone Analog (teriparatide)
  • Monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand (Denosumab)
  • HRT
  • Selective oEstrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
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11
Q

Why use denosumab and how is it taken

A
  • Subcutaneous injection every 6 months

- Safer in patients with significant renal impairment than bisphosphonates

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12
Q

What is enthesitis

A

Inflammation of the entheses, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone.

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13
Q

What is sacroiliitis

A
  • Inflammation within one, or both, of the sacroiliac joints

- Causes prolonged, inflammatory pain in the lower back region, hips or buttocks

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14
Q

What does DMARDs stand for

A

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

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15
Q

What is dactylitis

A

Inflammation of an entire digit (AKA sausage digit)

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16
Q

What is monoarthritis

A
  • Monoarthritis is inflammation of one joint at a time

- Usually caused by trauma, infection, or crystalline arthritis

17
Q

What is oligoarthritis

A
  • Oligoarthritis isthe most common type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
  • Often mild and is the most likely to go away and leave little or no damage to your joints.
18
Q

What drugs can cause under excretion of uric acid leading to hyperuricaemia + gout

A
  • Alcohol
  • Low dose aspirin
  • Diuretics
  • Cyclosporin
19
Q

What is tophaceous gout

A
  • A chronic form of gout

- Nodular masses of uric acid crystals (tophi) are deposited in different soft tissues

20
Q

3 rules of lowering uric acid levels

A
  • Wait until the acute attack has settled before attempting to reduced the urate level
  • Use prophylactic NSAIDs or low dose colchicine/steroids until urate level normal
  • Adjust allopurinol dose according to renal function
21
Q

What is Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

22
Q

What is Fibromyalgia

A

-Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread MSK pain +fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues.

23
Q

Commonest form of joint problem

A

Osteoarthritis

24
Q

What is not recommended by NICE for Rx of OA

A
  • Acupuncture

- Natraceuticals (glucosamine, chondroitin)

25
Q

What are bony swellings on the DIP + PIP called

A
  • DIP = Herberden’s nodes (sign of OA)

- PIP = Bouchard’s nodes (sign of OA + RA)

26
Q

Contraindication for NSAIDs

A
  • Patients in aspirin

- Active GI ulceration

27
Q

Define a myotome + dermatome

A 
-Myotome = A group of muscles that is innervated by a single spinal nerve 
Dermatome = Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
28
Q

Incomplete vs complete spinal injuries

A
  • Complete - no function below injury

- Incomplete - variable function

29
Q

What are the Ottawa rules

A

For ankle
-There is any pain in the malleolar zone
AND 1 of the following:
-Bone tenderness along the distal 6cm of the posterior edge of the tibia/fibula or tip of the medial/lateral malleolus,
-Inability to bear weight both immediately and in the ED for four steps

30
Q

Cause of Osgood-schlatter’s and sever’s disease

A
  • Osgood-schlatter’s disease = Inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity
  • Sever’s disease = Growth plate inflammation of the calcaneus
31
Q

How to assess wasting

A
  • Hip problem = Look at gluteal muscles
  • Knee problem = Look at thigh
  • Foot/Ankle problem = look at calf
32
Q

Define polyserositis

A

Inflammation of several serous membranes at the same time

33
Q

Define haemarthrosis

A

Bleeding into joint spaces

34
Q

What is Mulder’s Click

A
  • Mulder’s Sign is a physical exam finding associated with Morton’s neuroma,
  • May be elicited by squeezing the 2metatarsal heads together with 1 hand, while concomitantly putting pressure on the interdigital space with the other hand
  • Causes pain + audible click
35
Q

What is AVN

A

Avascular necrosis (e.g. AVN of femoral head seen in untreated SUFE)

36
Q

If a child has symptoms similar to SUFE but is <10yrs/>16yrs what should be considered

A

-Endocrinopathy e.g. hypothyroidism or growth hormone imbalance

37
Q

Describe the difference of Barlow’s and Ortolani’s test use in DDH

A

-Barlow = bad Ortolani = good

With baby lying on their back on a bed:

-Barlow’s = Adduct hip while applying a post. force on the knee (pull leg towards midline + push towards bed) resulting in a dislocation

Ortolani’s = Abduct hip while applying an ant. force on the femur (pull leg away from midline and pull away from bed) which will reduce the hip joint

38
Q

Describe Galeazzi’s sign in DDH

A
  • With knees flexed and heels carefully aligned, the knees are seen at different heights
  • Implying the femoral (or tibial) segment is short
  • In an infant this suggests DDH
  • The shorter one has DDH

Misc (12 decks)

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