Endocrine anatomy

Question 1

What arteries supply the pituitary gland

Answer 1

Superior and inferior hypophysial artery

Question 2

Course of the superior hypophysial artery

Answer 2

Enters hypothalamus, breaks up forming the hypophysial portal system, which then supplies the anterior pituitary

Question 3

Course of the Inferior hypophysial artery

Answer 3

Supplies posterior pituitary

Question 4

What are the superior and inferior hypophysial arteries branches of

Answer 4

ICA

Question 5

Venous drainage of the pituitary

Answer 5

Hypophysial veins into the cavernous sinus

Question 6

Function of ant pituitary

Answer 6

Manufacturing hormones

Question 7

Function of post pituitary

Answer 7

Storing and secreting horomes

Question 8

2 types of acidophils

Answer 8

Somatotrophs

Mammotrophs

Question 9

3 types of basophils

Answer 9

Corticotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Gonadotrophs

Question 10

What do somatotrophs release

Answer 10

Somatotropin (GH)

Question 11

What do mammotrophs release

Answer 11

Prolactin

Question 12

What do corticotrophs release

Answer 12

ACTH

MSH

Question 13

What do thyrotrophs release

Answer 13

TSH

Question 14

What do gonadotrophs releass

Answer 14

FSH

LH

Question 15

Function and target organ of somatotrophin

Answer 15

Liver, fat, bone, muscle

Increases glucose and free fatty acids
Promotes gluconeogenisis in the liver
Peaks after 1hr of sleep
Increases protein synthesis

Question 16

Function and target organ of prolactin

Answer 16

Mammary gland

Milk production

Question 17

Function and target organ of ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

Answer 17

Adrenal cortex

Production of cortisol

Question 18

Function and target organ of MSH

Answer 18

Melanocytes in skin and hair

Production of melanin

Question 19

Function and target organ of TSH

Answer 19

Thyroid gland

Production of T3 and T4

Question 20

Function and target organ of FSH and LH

Answer 20

Ovaries and testes

Question 21

Main secretory cells of post pituitary

Answer 21

Neurosecretory bodies (Herring bodies)

Question 22

What hormones do Herring bodies secrete

Answer 22

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 23

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary

Answer 23

By releasing and inhibiting hormones

Hypophysial portal system

Question 24

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary

Answer 24

Via neurosecretory cells

Question 25

Location of thyroid

Answer 25

C5-T1

Between the thyroid cartilage and the 6thouse tracheal ring

Question 26

Three strap muscles that overlie the thyroid

Answer 26

Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid

Question 27

Two nerves that supply the muscles of the vocal cords

Answer 27

Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 28

Source of superior thyroid artery

Answer 28

ECA

Question 29

Source of the inferior thyroid artery

Answer 29

Subclavian artery

Question 30

Three veins of the thyroid and where they

drain to

Answer 30

Superior thyroid vein - IJV
Middle thyroid vein - Brachiocephalic vein
Inferior thyroid vein - Brachiocephalic vein

Question 31

Where does the Suprarenal vein drain on the right and left side

Answer 31

Right - IVC

Left - Left renal vein

Question 32

Three layers of the adrenal cortex and what the secretes

Answer 32

Zona glomerulosa - mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone)
Zona Fasciculata - Glucocorticoid (Cortisol)
Zona Reticularis - Pre-cursor Androgens

Question 33

Three cell types of pancreas and what they secrete

Answer 33

Alpha - Glucagon
Beta - Insulin
Delta - Somatostatin