Urinary Flashcards
Acute Kidney Injury
Caused by: Shock, tubular necrosis, obstructed urine flow
Prevented by: Treat the causative diseases, avoid known kidney toxins
Lower UTIs(Urethritis & Cystitis)
Risks: Being female
Causes: Bacteria from skin or colon
Prevented by: Hydration, front to back wiping after urination, safe sex
Upper UTI(Pyelonephritis)
Risks: Being female, kidney stones, urinary catheter, immunodeficiency
Causes: Pyogenic bacteria
Prevention: Prompt treatment of infections
Lupus Nephritis
Prevention: Risk reduced by adequate treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
IgA Nephropathy
Autoimmune
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Causes: Antigen-antibody reaction occuring 1-4 weeks after streptococcal infection of skin or throat
Kidney Stones
Risks: Being male
Prevention: Increased fluid intake, reduced dietary calcium and protein
Renal Failure
Risks: Diabetes, glomerulonephritis, other chronic kidney diseases, ischemia, hemorrhage, shock, toxins, large kidney stones/tumours
Diabetic Nephropathy
Causes: Inflammation of glomerulus
Risks: Diabetics
Hypertensive Kidney Disease(Renovascular Hypertension)
Causes: Kidney injury, atherosclerosis of renal arteries and their small branches within the kidney
Risks: 50+ years old
Prevention: Regular exercise, low fat diet, not smoking, treating hypertension
Nephrotic Syndrome(NS)
Causes: Glomerulonephritis, diabetes
Hydronephrosis
Causes: Urinary calculi, congenital defects, tumor, enlarged prostate gland, other obstruction of renal pelvis/ureter
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Causes: Chronic kidney and glomerular diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, renal autoimmunity, hemolytic uretic syndrome
Urinary Incontinence
Risks: Age, female, overweight, smoking, prostatitis, alcohol, caffeine medications, pregnancy, bladder inflammation/infection, cancer
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Risks: Smoking, obesity, heredity, being male
