Urinary

Question 1

What nerve and pathway allow relaxation of the bladder (filling) and tone to the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 1

SYMPATHETIC PATHWAY

Hypogastric nerve

Question 2

What nerve and pathway allow contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 2

Parasymphathetic

PELVIC nerve

S1-S3

Question 3

What nerve and pathway allow relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 3

Somatic

Pudendal n

S1-S3

Question 4

What are the three reasons for urinary incontinence?

Answer 4

Increased Urethral Closure pressure (Leads to overflow incontinence)

Decreased urethral closure pressure (urethral spincter mechanism incompetence)

Overactive bladder

Question 5

What is the common group of problems for decreased urthral closure pressure?

Answer 5

Neuropathy

Ex. LS disorder, IVDD, DM, Malformation (Manx), Dysautonomia.

Question 6

What disease should cats get tested for if having signs of decreased urethral closure pressure?

Answer 6

FeLV

Question 7

What can cause increased urethral closure pressure?

Answer 7

Mechanical obstruction (proliferative urethritis, neoplasia)

Functional (suprasacral of brainstem lesions)

Question 8

What are the two imaging modalities are most sensitive for ectopic ureter diagnosis?

Answer 8

CTA

Cystoscopy

Question 9

What is used to treat urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence?

Answer 9

Estrogen - side effect are a lot

Alpha agonist - Proin phenylpropanolamine ****

Question 10

What differentials for over active bladder?

Answer 10

UTI

Neoplasia

Stones

Urethritis (proliferative)

Cyclophosphamide