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Internal Medicine > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

The findings of severe temporal-masseter muscle atrophy plus difficulty opening the mouth (even when the animal is anesthetized) suggests what?

A

Chronic temporal-masseter myositis

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2
Q

What serum antibodies indicate Masticatory muscle myositis but not polymyopathy?

A

Type 2M

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3
Q

What is the first thing to rule out with neurogenic dysphagia in the oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal phases?

A

Rabies

Then CN deficits

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4
Q

What is expectoration?

A

Repulsion of material from the respiratory tract.

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5
Q

What is the pH of fresh vomit vs regurg?

A

Vomit 5

Regurgitation 7

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6
Q

Dysphagic animals often aspirate or cough after eating what type of food?

A

Fluid.

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7
Q

Dysphagic regurgitating animals commonly have what sort of etiology vs regurgitating non-dysphagic animals?

A

Regurgitating dysphagic animals - Oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal dysfunction

Non-dysphagic regurgitating animals - Esophageal

SO ASK IF DYSPHAGIC.. that narrows down what you are looking for.

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8
Q

What are the two main reasons for esophageal regurg?

A

Obstruction

Muscular weakness

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9
Q

cicatrix means?

A

Scarring of healed wound or esophagitis.

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10
Q

Esophageal obstructions are commonly caused by what things?

A

FB

Vascular anomalies

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11
Q

What should esophageal obstructions be categorized as?

A

Congenital vs aquired

Intraluminal, intramural or extraesophageal

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12
Q

What are some acquire causese for esophageal weakness?

A

Severe esophagitis (Reflux, hiatal hernia, FB, Ingetion of caustic things (doxycycline, clindamycin, cirprofloxacin), Gastrinoma, MCT, Fungal infection)

Botulism
Tetanus
Distemper
Dermatomyositis (collies)

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13
Q

What other lesions can you look for in dogs with canine distemper?

A

Retinal lesions

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14
Q

What are the cranial nerves involved in swallowing?

A

5, 7, 9, 10, 11 12

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15
Q

What are the two types of benign gastric hypertrophy?

A

Muscular plyoric hypertrophy

  • Younger, Brachycephalic dogs
  • Muscularis

Antral Mucosal hypertrophy

  • Old dog, small breed
  • Mucosal
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16
Q

What is the “minute virus of canines”?

A

Canine parvovirus - 1

- not classic parvo but cause gastroenteritis, pneumonitis and myocarditis in 1-3 week old dog

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17
Q

What breeds are more predisposed to CPV-2?

A

Dobies, Rotties, pitties, labs and GSD

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18
Q

In CPV-2 diarrhea may be absent when?

A

The first 24-48h of disease

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19
Q

Cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens is caused by what virus?

A

Feline panleukopenia virus

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20
Q

Histoplamosis most commonly involves what organ in dogs and what organ in cats?

A

Dog - GI, colon most severely affected causing focal granulomas
Cat - lung

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21
Q

Histoplasmosis commonly causes what in affected dogs?

A

PLE

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22
Q

Histoplasmosis can show what on abdominal radiographs?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

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23
Q

Prototheca most commonly affects what breed?

A

Collies

24
Q

Granulomatous reaction can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypercalcemia

25
Q

The two organs primarily affected by heterobilharzia?

A

Liver and SI

26
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Gray stools

27
Q

What species gets hypereosinophilic syndrome?

A

Cats

28
Q

What breed of dogs get a immunoproliferative enteropathy?

A

Basenjis (3-4 years old)

PLE

29
Q

Enteropathy specific to two other dog breeds?

A

Shar-peis

Shibasz

30
Q

What are the top two common causes for PLE in older dogs?

A

IBD

Lymphoma

31
Q

What are the top two common causes for PLE in young dogs?

A

Hookworms

Chronic intussusception

32
Q

Lymphangiectasia has to affect the entire SI. T/F

A

False… segmental lymphangiectasia is common.

33
Q

Lymphangiectasia can be caused by?

A 
Lymphatic obstruction
Pericarditis or right sided heart failure
Infiltrative mesenteric lymph node
Iniltrative mucosal disease
Congenital 
Idiopathic (MOST COMMON)
34
Q

What breed is at a higher risk for lymphangiectasia?

A

Yorkies

Soft-coated wheaten terriers

35
Q

Lymphangiectasia is diagnosed by?

A

Histopathology

Hyperechoic striations are highly suggestive of.

36
Q

Incarcerated intestine means?

A

A bowel loop that is in a different cavity (herination).

37
Q

What breed most commonly gets a mesenteric torsion?

A

GSD

38
Q

Ileocolic intussusception may occur with what other pathology besides enteritis?

A 
Leptospirosis
AKI
Prior intestinal surgery
Worm burden
Mass
39
Q

The intussusceptum is what?

A

the bowel inside

40
Q

What secondary peritonitis vs primary?

A

Secondary is usually from a ruptured GI or gall bladder

Primary or spontaneous - maybe translocation

41
Q

Most common time for dehiscence?

A

3-6 days

42
Q

What are the three increased risks for dehiscence?

A

<2.5 serum albumin
Foreign body surgery
Preoperative peritonitis

43
Q

What can mimic mesothelioma?

A

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis

44
Q

What are common etiologies for carcinomatosis?

A

Intestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas

45
Q

Mesothelioma often causes what effusion?

A

Bicavitary

46
Q

Mesothelioma may look like what on Ultrasound?

A

Multiple fragile clots adhering to peritoneal surfaces

47
Q

What is the most common cause for a vascular ring anomaly?

A

PRAA - 4th right.

48
Q

Besides obstruction what else can cause a diverticulum of the esophagus in the cranial thorax?

A

Esophageal weakness.

49
Q

Types off esophageal weakness?

A

Congential and acquired

50
Q

What is a common treatment for criocopharyngeal achalasia?

A

Criopharyngeal muscle myotomy

51
Q

Don’t forget these reasons for esophageal weakness or megaesophagus.

A 
Dysautonomia
Hypothyroid
Addisons
Organophosphate 
Lead 
Idiopathetic
52
Q

Two main reasons for esophageal regurgitation?

A

Obstruction or muscular weakness.

53
Q

What two neoplastic disease can cause ulcers due to chemicals released?

A

Gastrinoma

MCT

54
Q

What are the three categories of chronic small intestinal diarrhea?

A

Maldigestion
Non-protein-losing malabsortive (Dysbiosis/antibiotic-responsive enteropathy)
Malabsorptive

55
Q

Esophageal weakness in collies with derm lesions?

A

dermatomyositis

Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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