GI Flashcards
The findings of severe temporal-masseter muscle atrophy plus difficulty opening the mouth (even when the animal is anesthetized) suggests what?
Chronic temporal-masseter myositis
What serum antibodies indicate Masticatory muscle myositis but not polymyopathy?
Type 2M
What is the first thing to rule out with neurogenic dysphagia in the oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal phases?
Rabies
Then CN deficits
What is expectoration?
Repulsion of material from the respiratory tract.
What is the pH of fresh vomit vs regurg?
Vomit 5
Regurgitation 7
Dysphagic animals often aspirate or cough after eating what type of food?
Fluid.
Dysphagic regurgitating animals commonly have what sort of etiology vs regurgitating non-dysphagic animals?
Regurgitating dysphagic animals - Oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal dysfunction
Non-dysphagic regurgitating animals - Esophageal
SO ASK IF DYSPHAGIC.. that narrows down what you are looking for.
What are the two main reasons for esophageal regurg?
Obstruction
Muscular weakness
cicatrix means?
Scarring of healed wound or esophagitis.
Esophageal obstructions are commonly caused by what things?
FB
Vascular anomalies
What should esophageal obstructions be categorized as?
Congenital vs aquired
Intraluminal, intramural or extraesophageal
What are some acquire causese for esophageal weakness?
Severe esophagitis (Reflux, hiatal hernia, FB, Ingetion of caustic things (doxycycline, clindamycin, cirprofloxacin), Gastrinoma, MCT, Fungal infection)
Botulism
Tetanus
Distemper
Dermatomyositis (collies)
What other lesions can you look for in dogs with canine distemper?
Retinal lesions
What are the cranial nerves involved in swallowing?
5, 7, 9, 10, 11 12
What are the two types of benign gastric hypertrophy?
Muscular plyoric hypertrophy
- Younger, Brachycephalic dogs
- Muscularis
Antral Mucosal hypertrophy
- Old dog, small breed
- Mucosal
What is the “minute virus of canines”?
Canine parvovirus - 1
- not classic parvo but cause gastroenteritis, pneumonitis and myocarditis in 1-3 week old dog
What breeds are more predisposed to CPV-2?
Dobies, Rotties, pitties, labs and GSD
In CPV-2 diarrhea may be absent when?
The first 24-48h of disease
Cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens is caused by what virus?
Feline panleukopenia virus
Histoplamosis most commonly involves what organ in dogs and what organ in cats?
Dog - GI, colon most severely affected causing focal granulomas
Cat - lung
Histoplasmosis commonly causes what in affected dogs?
PLE
Histoplasmosis can show what on abdominal radiographs?
Hepatosplenomegaly
Prototheca most commonly affects what breed?
Collies
Granulomatous reaction can cause what electrolyte imbalance?
Hypercalcemia
The two organs primarily affected by heterobilharzia?
Liver and SI
What is steatorrhea?
Gray stools
What species gets hypereosinophilic syndrome?
Cats
What breed of dogs get a immunoproliferative enteropathy?
Basenjis (3-4 years old)
PLE
Enteropathy specific to two other dog breeds?
Shar-peis
Shibasz
What are the top two common causes for PLE in older dogs?
IBD
Lymphoma
What are the top two common causes for PLE in young dogs?
Hookworms
Chronic intussusception
Lymphangiectasia has to affect the entire SI. T/F
False… segmental lymphangiectasia is common.
Lymphangiectasia can be caused by?
Lymphatic obstruction Pericarditis or right sided heart failure Infiltrative mesenteric lymph node Iniltrative mucosal disease Congenital Idiopathic (MOST COMMON)
What breed is at a higher risk for lymphangiectasia?
Yorkies
Soft-coated wheaten terriers
Lymphangiectasia is diagnosed by?
Histopathology
Hyperechoic striations are highly suggestive of.
Incarcerated intestine means?
A bowel loop that is in a different cavity (herination).
What breed most commonly gets a mesenteric torsion?
GSD
Ileocolic intussusception may occur with what other pathology besides enteritis?
Leptospirosis AKI Prior intestinal surgery Worm burden Mass
The intussusceptum is what?
the bowel inside
What secondary peritonitis vs primary?
Secondary is usually from a ruptured GI or gall bladder
Primary or spontaneous - maybe translocation
Most common time for dehiscence?
3-6 days
What are the three increased risks for dehiscence?
<2.5 serum albumin
Foreign body surgery
Preoperative peritonitis
What can mimic mesothelioma?
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis
What are common etiologies for carcinomatosis?
Intestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas
Mesothelioma often causes what effusion?
Bicavitary
Mesothelioma may look like what on Ultrasound?
Multiple fragile clots adhering to peritoneal surfaces
What is the most common cause for a vascular ring anomaly?
PRAA - 4th right.
Besides obstruction what else can cause a diverticulum of the esophagus in the cranial thorax?
Esophageal weakness.
Types off esophageal weakness?
Congential and acquired
What is a common treatment for criocopharyngeal achalasia?
Criopharyngeal muscle myotomy
Don’t forget these reasons for esophageal weakness or megaesophagus.
Dysautonomia Hypothyroid Addisons Organophosphate Lead Idiopathetic
Two main reasons for esophageal regurgitation?
Obstruction or muscular weakness.
What two neoplastic disease can cause ulcers due to chemicals released?
Gastrinoma
MCT
What are the three categories of chronic small intestinal diarrhea?
Maldigestion
Non-protein-losing malabsortive (Dysbiosis/antibiotic-responsive enteropathy)
Malabsorptive
Esophageal weakness in collies with derm lesions?
dermatomyositis
