Nasal

Question 1

What is the most common clinical manifestation of nasal disease?

Answer 1

Discharge

Question 2

What are the three categories of nasal discharge?

Answer 2

Serous

Purulent

Purely hemorrhagic.

Question 3

Significant and prolonged epistaxis etiologies

Answer 3

Neoplasia

mitotic

hypertension

coags

Rickettsial disease

Polycythemia

Hyperviscosity syndrome

Question 4

First question to ask when discussing nasal discharge?

Answer 4

Is it acute or chronic.

Question 5

Differentials for serous discharge?

Answer 5

Normal

Viral

Early mucopurulent.

Question 6

Ulceration of the nasal plane is highly suggestive of what infectious etiology?

Answer 6

Aspergillus

Question 7

Polypoid mass extending from the nares of a cat or dog is commonly seen with what infectious etiology?

Answer 7

Cat- Crypto

Dog- rhinosporidiosis

Question 8

What etiology creates this lesion?

Answer 8

Cryptococcous.

Not the optic disc in the upper left hand corner.

Question 9

Chororetinitis can occur with what nasal diseases?

Answer 9

Cryptococcous

Lymphoma

ehriliciosis

Question 10

Von Willebrands factor should be tested on what type of dog with epistaxis?

Answer 10

Any pure bred dog.

Question 11

What infectious diseases besides fungal should be tested for if epistaxis is present?

Answer 11

Erhilicosis

Bartonella

Rocky mountain spotted fever.

Question 12

How does FIV cause chronic nasal discharge vs FeLV?

Answer 12

FeLV reduces immune response to viral infections of the upper airway

FIV can cause it by itself..

Question 13

The blood test of choice for cryptococcosis?

Answer 13

latex agglutination capsular antigen test (LCAT)

Question 14

High proportions of cats with chronic nasal discharge suffer from?

Answer 14

feline chronic rhinosinusitis and are diagnosed only through exclusion.

Question 15

In the absence of a diagnosis, nasal imaging (preferably CT or MRI), rhinoscopy, and biopsy can be repeated after a?

Answer 15

1-2 month period.

Question 16

What is the final step for diagnosing chronic nasal discharge?

Answer 16

Exploratory rhinotomy with turbinectomy

Question 17

Are there nasal mites and what do they cause?

Answer 17

Yes, Pneumonyssoides caninum, and they cause sneeze

Question 18

What cannot you not exclude as a diagnosis even when sneezing subsides?

Answer 18

FB

Question 19

Other causes for reverse sneezing in a dog?

Answer 19

FB in the nasopharynx

Epiglottic entrapment

Pharyngeal disease!

Question 20

Stertor indicates?

Answer 20

Upper airway obstruction

Question 21

What are the two main reasons to image a nose first before rhinoscopy?

Answer 21

(1) The results of nasal imaging help the clinician direct biopsy instruments to the most abnormal regions
(2) rhinoscopy and biopsy cause hemorrhage, which obscures soft tissue detail.

Question 22

What four views are recommneded to evaluate the skull?

Answer 22

lateral

ventrodorsal

intraoral

frontal sinus or skyline

Question 23

What additional skull views are needed for cats?

Answer 23

Bullae due to the frequency of ostitis media with nasal disease

Open mouth

Question 24

What worms can be seen in the nose?

Answer 24

Capillaria

Question 25

What is the landmark for the most caudal extent of a blind biopsy of the nose?

Answer 25

medial cathus

Question 26

What causes 90% of the URIs in cats?

Answer 26

Feline herpesvirus (FHV), also known as feline rhinotracheitis virus

feline calicivirus (FCV)

Question 27

What other clinical signs can be caused by FCV besides URIs?

Answer 27

oral ulcerations

mild interstitial pneumonia

polyarthritis

High virulent strains can cause edema or vasculitis.

Question 28

Persistent nasal discharge with nasal turbinate destruction in a young cat could indicate what infection or previous infection?

Answer 28

FHV

Question 29

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies suggestive what disease process when swabbing conjunctiva or nasal?

Question 30

Aspergillosis is a normal inhabitant of what?

Answer 30

nasal cavity of many animals including some dogs

Question 31

What fungus can cause similar clinical signs as aspergillosis?

Answer 31

Penicillium

Question 32

Clinical signs of nasal aspergillous

Answer 32

focal areas of turbinate lysis

Question 33

What worm infects the nasal cavity and is carried by foxes?

Answer 33

Capillaria.

Question 34

Where do nasal polyps attach?

Answer 34

The base of the euthastion tube.