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Anatomy 2 > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital ridge

A

Gives rise to the urinary and genital system
Genital ridge -medial
Nephrogenic ridge- lateral, retroperitoneal as body folds
Bulge into the intramembryonic coelom cavity

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2
Q

3 kidney systems

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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3
Q

Pronephros

A 
4 th week, then degenerates
Lays foundation for mesophros 
Non functional
Rudimentary 
No exritory function 
7-10 cell group in the cervical region
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4
Q

Mesonephric

A 
4th week til functional at 10th week
Segments of intermediate mesoderm
Function in excretory 
Has nephrons
And Mesonephric or wolffish duct 
Drain to cloaca
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5
Q

Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema

A

Appears at caudal end of Mesonephric duct
Two functional components
Uroteric bud- kidney collecting ducts
Metanephric blastema- kidney nephrons

Also call metanephric diverticulum

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6
Q

Metanephros

A

Uterine bud will grow into this region of cells

Then call the metanephric blastema

Functional as kidneys around week 12

Fetal urine is important for amniotic fluid

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7
Q

Abnormal kidneys

A

Pelvic kidney
Caught on artery
Horseshoe kidney
Inferior mesenteric cause kidney fusion

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8
Q

Urorectal septum

A

Divides cloaca
Urogenital sinus
Anal canal

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9
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

Vesical part- gives rise to thebladder
Pelvic part
Philip part

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10
Q

Female urethra

A

Pelvic part gives the full urethra

Phallic part contributes to vestibule of vagina

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11
Q

Male urethra

A

Pelvic part- prostatic urethra and membranous urethra

Phallic part- penile spongy urethra

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12
Q

Kidney function

A 
Blood ionic composition 
Blood volume pressure
Blood ph
Nutrient conservation
Hormone secretion
Detoxification 
Elimination of organic waste
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13
Q

Hilum

A 
Opening into the kidneys
Into renal sinus
Has renal artery vein
Nerves
Ureters
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14
Q

Kidney structures

A 
Cortex
Medulla 
Pyramids
Columns
Renal papilla
Minor and major calyx
Fibrous capsule
Renal pelvis
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15
Q

Blood flow

A 
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent artery
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent artery
Peri tubular capillaries 
Interlobular veins
Arcuate veins
Interlobar veins
Renal veins
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16
Q

3 processes of filtration

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular absorption
Tubular secretion

17
Q

Nephron flow

A 
Bowmans capsular space
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending loop of Henley
Ascending loop of Henley 
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct 
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Urethra
Ureter
18
Q

Bowmans capsule

A

Visceral layer- podocytes that have extension of pedicels

  • interdigitate with podocytes adjacent
  • creates filtration slits

Parietal layers- external layer, simple squamous epithelium

Both layers create the capsular space

Also has mesangial cells- provide structure and phagocytosis

19
Q

PCT

A 
Simple cuboidal epithelium 
Highly coiled
In cortex
Longer and larger diameter then DCT
More mitochondria so more esinophilic 
Nice Microvilli so brush border- star shaped lumen
20
Q

Loop of Henley

A

Thick descending= simple cuboidal
Thin descending= simple squamous
Thin ascending = simple squamous
Thick ascending= simple cuboidal

21
Q

DCT

A

Very coiled
In cortex
Smooth lumen no brush border
Lots of mitochondria but less than PCT

22
Q

Juxtaglomular apparatus

A

Ascending thick loop of Henley wraps back to the Afferent artery
Cells become numerous and columnar= macula densa

Extraglomerular mesangial cells communicate with macula densa

Or lacis cells- Can contract or relax juctaglomerular cells

Juctaglomerular cells wrap the Afferent artery as smooth muscle cells

This train of cells regulates blood pressure

23
Q

Collecting ducts

A

Simple cuboidal transitions to simple columnar
Collecting duct transitions to papillary ducts
Principal cells- pail staining, one cilium, ADH water channels

Intercalated cells- darker, microvilli a heavy, mitochondria heavy

Drain in to minor calyx at renal papillae

24
Q

Minor calyx to urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

Needed for expansion

25
Q

Types of nephrons

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical nephrons

26
Q

Urinary muscularis

A

Smooth muscle
Inner longitudinal
Outer circular

Outermost longitudinal
-distal ends of ureter and bladder

27
Q

Urethra

A

Males- prostatic- urothelium
Membranous- stratified columnar and psuedostratified columnar
Spongy- stratified columnar and psuedostratified columnar, then distally stratified squamous

Females - urothelium transition to stratified squamous with some psuedostratified

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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