Urinary Flashcards
Urogenital ridge
Gives rise to the urinary and genital system
Genital ridge -medial
Nephrogenic ridge- lateral, retroperitoneal as body folds
Bulge into the intramembryonic coelom cavity
3 kidney systems
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
Pronephros
4 th week, then degenerates Lays foundation for mesophros Non functional Rudimentary No exritory function 7-10 cell group in the cervical region
Mesonephric
4th week til functional at 10th week Segments of intermediate mesoderm Function in excretory Has nephrons And Mesonephric or wolffish duct Drain to cloaca
Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema
Appears at caudal end of Mesonephric duct
Two functional components
Uroteric bud- kidney collecting ducts
Metanephric blastema- kidney nephrons
Also call metanephric diverticulum
Metanephros
Uterine bud will grow into this region of cells
Then call the metanephric blastema
Functional as kidneys around week 12
Fetal urine is important for amniotic fluid
Abnormal kidneys
Pelvic kidney
Caught on artery
Horseshoe kidney
Inferior mesenteric cause kidney fusion
Urorectal septum
Divides cloaca
Urogenital sinus
Anal canal
Urogenital sinus
Vesical part- gives rise to thebladder
Pelvic part
Philip part
Female urethra
Pelvic part gives the full urethra
Phallic part contributes to vestibule of vagina
Male urethra
Pelvic part- prostatic urethra and membranous urethra
Phallic part- penile spongy urethra
Kidney function
Blood ionic composition Blood volume pressure Blood ph Nutrient conservation Hormone secretion Detoxification Elimination of organic waste
Hilum
Opening into the kidneys Into renal sinus Has renal artery vein Nerves Ureters
Kidney structures
Cortex Medulla Pyramids Columns Renal papilla Minor and major calyx Fibrous capsule Renal pelvis
Blood flow
Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobular artery Afferent artery Glomerular capillaries Efferent artery Peri tubular capillaries Interlobular veins Arcuate veins Interlobar veins Renal veins
3 processes of filtration
Glomerular filtration
Tubular absorption
Tubular secretion
Nephron flow
Bowmans capsular space Proximal convoluted tubule Descending loop of Henley Ascending loop of Henley Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Papillary duct Minor calyx Major calyx Renal pelvis Urethra Ureter
Bowmans capsule
Visceral layer- podocytes that have extension of pedicels
- interdigitate with podocytes adjacent
- creates filtration slits
Parietal layers- external layer, simple squamous epithelium
Both layers create the capsular space
Also has mesangial cells- provide structure and phagocytosis
PCT
Simple cuboidal epithelium Highly coiled In cortex Longer and larger diameter then DCT More mitochondria so more esinophilic Nice Microvilli so brush border- star shaped lumen
Loop of Henley
Thick descending= simple cuboidal
Thin descending= simple squamous
Thin ascending = simple squamous
Thick ascending= simple cuboidal
DCT
Very coiled
In cortex
Smooth lumen no brush border
Lots of mitochondria but less than PCT
Juxtaglomular apparatus
Ascending thick loop of Henley wraps back to the Afferent artery
Cells become numerous and columnar= macula densa
Extraglomerular mesangial cells communicate with macula densa
Or lacis cells- Can contract or relax juctaglomerular cells
Juctaglomerular cells wrap the Afferent artery as smooth muscle cells
This train of cells regulates blood pressure
Collecting ducts
Simple cuboidal transitions to simple columnar
Collecting duct transitions to papillary ducts
Principal cells- pail staining, one cilium, ADH water channels
Intercalated cells- darker, microvilli a heavy, mitochondria heavy
Drain in to minor calyx at renal papillae
Minor calyx to urethra
Transitional epithelium
Needed for expansion
