Pelvis

Question 1

Pelvis pouches

Answer 1

Rectovesical pouch- male
Rectouterine pouch
Vesicouterine pouch

Question 2

True pelvis

Answer 2

Pelvic brim or pelvis inlet
Linea terminalis
-actuate line
-pecten pubis
-pubic crest
Margin of ala

Question 3

Sexual dimorphism of the pelvis

Answer 3

Males are heart shaped with a larger sacram

Females are oval shaped to allow for child birth

Question 4

Ligaments of the pelvis

Answer 4

Pubic symphysis
Anterior sacroiliac lig
-interosseous lig in between sacroiliacs
Post sacroiliac lig
Sacrotuberous lig
Sacrospinous lig
Obturator membrane

Question 5

Pelvic muscles

Answer 5

Piriformis
-passes thru greater sciatic foramen, S1 S2
Obturator internus
-passes thru lesser sciatic foramen, L5 S1

Question 6

Pelvic floor muscles

Answer 6

Coccygeus
Levitator Ani
-iliococcygeus
-pubococcygeus
-puborectalis

Question 7

Male Urogenital Diaphragm

Answer 7

Deep transverse perineal muscle

External urethral sphincter

Question 8

Female urogenital triangle

Answer 8

Deep transverse perineal muscle
External urethral sphincter
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Compressor urethrae

Question 9

Ureters

Answer 9

Females cross the uterine arteries

Males cross the vas deferens

Question 10

Male urethra parts

Answer 10

Preprostatic part
Prostatic part- location of ejactulatory ducts
Membranous part
Spongy part

Question 11

Rectal muscles

Answer 11

Internal anal sphincter- autonomic 
External anal sphincter- somatic
-deep
-superficial
-subcutaneous 
Puborectalus- somatic

Question 12

Vaginal fornix

Answer 12

A circular gutter that surrounds the cervix

Question 13

Uterine ligaments

Answer 13

Suspensory ligament
-cover ovarian vessels
Broad ligament
-covers uterus and adnexa 
Ovarian ligament
-anchors ovary to uterus comes from gubernactulum 
Round ligament
-ovarian ligament continues thru Inguinal canal to labia majors
Mesovarium 
-posterior extension of broad ligament

Question 14

Sympathetic Nerve postganglionic cell bodies

Answer 14

1. Sympathetic trunk= paravertebral
   - ascend or descend then synapse
2. Prevertebral ganglia= collateral ganglia
   - pass through without synapsing go to splanchnic

Question 15

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 15

1. Celiac
2. Superior mesenteric
3. Aorticorenal
4. Inferior mesenteric

Question 16

Splanchnic nerves sympathetic

Answer 16

Greater splanchnic 
Lesser splanchnic
Least splanchnic 
Lumbar splanchnic 
Sacral splanchnic

Question 17

Parasympathetic nerve transition

Answer 17

Vagus nerve goes to transverse 2/3 of the large intestine

Sacral parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic
Goes to rest of large intestine

Question 18

Ganglion impar

Answer 18

End of the sympathetic trunk

Question 19

Hypogastric plexus

Answer 19

Contains a mix of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

Sympathetic come from a sacral splanchnic nerve from the sympathetic chain

Parasympathetic come from a ventral root from S2-S4 via the pelvic splanchnic

Question 20

Enteric NS

Answer 20

Meissners plexus- submucosa nerve plexus

Auerbach plexus- myenteric plexus
Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers

Question 21

Pelvic vasculature

Answer 21

Abdominal aorta
Common iliac
External iliac
-exits the pelvis as femoral artery
Internal iliac
-enter true pelvis
-3 posterior and 7 anterior arteries

Question 22

Median sacral artery

Answer 22

Runs on the midline of the sacrum

Comes off the abdominal aorta at the common iliac split

Question 23

Iliolumbar artery

Answer 23

Off posterior trunk
Between iliac crest and L5
Supplies medial ilium and L5

Question 24

Lateral sacral artery

Answer 24

Off posterior trunk
Enters ventral sacral foramina
Supplies sacrum and ventral sacral nerves

Question 25

Superior gluteal artery

Answer 25

Off posterior trunk Between L5 and S1 Enters gluteal region superior to piriformis Exits greater sciatic foramen Supplies gluteal muscle with superior gluteal nerve

Question 26

Inferior gluteal artery

Answer 26

Off anterior trunk Between S2 and S3 Inferior to piriformis Supplies gluteal muscle with inferior gluteal nerve Exits via the greater sciatic foramen

Question 27

Internal pudendal artery

Answer 27

Off anterior trunk With pudenal nerve Exits pelvis thru greater sciatic foramen Enter pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen Supplies the urogential and anal triangles

Question 28

Umbilical artery | Superior vesicular artery

Answer 28

Off anterior trunk Runs towards anterior abdominal wall Sends 3-4 arteries to bladder Terminates as medial umbilical ligament

Question 29

Obturator artery

Answer 29

Off the anterior trunk Supplies median thigh Goes through obturator canal with the nerve

Question 30

Corona Mortis

Answer 30

Crown of death Anastomoses with inferior epigastric to obturator Damage opens the internal and external iliac Death in minutes

Question 31

Uterine artery

Answer 31

In females off the anterior trunk Anastomoses with ovarian artery from aorta Supplies uterus and superior vagina Ureter runs under these arteries

Question 32

Vaginal artery or inferior vesical artery

Answer 32

Off anterior trunk Females: Supplies vagina inferior bladder rectum Males: inferior bladder, ureter, prostate, seminal vesicles Ureter runs above this artery

Question 33

Middle rectal

Answer 33

Off anterior trunk Supplies rectum Anastomoses with superior rectal and inferior rectal

Question 34

Sacral plexus | L4-S4

Answer 34

``` L4-L5: forms Lumbarsacral trunk crosses over sacral ala S1: emerges above piriformis S2-3: emerges thru piriformis S2-4: contribute to pudendal nerve L4-S3: sciatic and gluteal nerve ```