Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Abdominal layers

Answer 1

Skin
Caper fascia
Scarp a fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominal
Transversalis fascia
Extra peritoneal fat
Peritoneum

Question 2

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Answer 2

Connective tissue that runs across rectus abdominal and linea alba

Rectus sheath is the layer behind the rectus abdominis

Question 3

Rectus abdominis

Answer 3

Tendinous intersections separate six pack abs

Above Arcuate line
- internal oblique split and transverse abdominis under

Below arcuate line
-only transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum underneath

Question 4

Infra umbilical peritoneal folds

Answer 4

Median fold
Medial fold
Lateral fold

Question 5

Median umbilical folds

Answer 5

From urinary bladder to umbilicus
Becomes Umbilical ligament or remnants of urachus
Used to be urachus

Question 6

Medial umbilical fold

Answer 6

Covers medial umbilical ligament
Occluded Portion of umbilical artery
Make heselbachs triangle

Question 7

Lateral umbilical fold

Answer 7

Covers inferior epigastric vessels

Special region- leads to inguinal canal

Question 8

Superficial Circumflex iliac

Answer 8

Branch of femoral
Supplies region inguinal ligament
In fat and fascia

Question 9

Superficial epigastric

Answer 9

Branch of femoral
Supplies abdomen inferior to umbilicus
In fat and fascia

Question 10

Deep circumflex iliac

Answer 10

Branch of external iliac
Runs between internal oblique and transverse ab
Supplies inferior lateral abdominal mm

Question 11

Inferior epigastric

Answer 11

Branch of external iliac
Enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line
Supplies lower rectus abdominis
Anastomoses with superior epigastric

Question 12

Superior epigastric

Answer 12

Branch of the internal thoracic or mammary
Enter posterior rectus sheath lateral to sternum
Supplies upper rectus abdominis
Anastomoses with inferior epigastric

Question 13

Musculophrenic artery

Answer 13

Branch from internal thoracic
Runs on costal cartilage
Supplies upper abdominal and diaphragm

Question 14

Nerves of abdominal wall

Answer 14

Ventral rami of T7-L1
T7-9 above umbilicus
T10 umbilical region
T11,12 L1 below umbilicus

All run between internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Last 3 nerves severely weaken inguinal region
-can develop inguinal hernias
-each has dermatomes and myotomes

Question 15

Inguinal ligament

Answer 15

Folded inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis

Extend from Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Canal transverse abdominal wall, 3-5 cm
Inguinal canal contents:
Spermatic cord, testicular nerves, vessels, cremaster in m, fascia
Ilioinguinal n L1
Round ligament of the uterus
Superficial ring- EO aponeurosis 
Deep ring- transversalis facia

Question 16

Abdominal hernia

Answer 16

Outpouring of abdominal viscera in a sac
3 layers peritoneum extraperitoneal fat and transversalis fascia
90% occur in inguinal canal

Question 17

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 17

Extends thru inguinal canal
More common in males
Enter scrotum or labia majors
Thru the entire canal
Intestinal loops becomes squished

Question 18

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 18

Thru hesselbachs triangle 
Through conjoint tendon
Medial to inferior epigastric 
More common in males
Associated with weak adbdominal wall

Question 19

Other hernias

Answer 19

Femoral hernia
Umbilical hernia
Epigastric hernia