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Anatomy 2 > Digestive Histology > Flashcards

Digestive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive function

A 
Ingestion
Sectretion
Mixing propulsion
Digestion mechanical and chemical
Absorption
Defacation barrier
Immune
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2
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food
Nasopharynx- ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Larnygopharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Alimentary canal structure

A 
Mucosa
-Epithelium - stratified squamous or simple columnar
-Lamina propria- LCT
-Muscularis mucosa
Sub mucosa 
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia
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4
Q

Myenteric nerves

A

Auerbachs plexus
Nerves for the alimentary canal
Inner gates smooth muscles

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5
Q

Esophagus

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Muscularis externa
- upper third skeletal
-lower third smooth muscles
Serosa (after T10) and adventitia
Mucous glands
-esophageal glands proper (submucosa)more higher up
-esophageal cardiac glands (lamina propria by stomach)

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6
Q

Stomach

A 
Cardio
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
-pyloric Antrum
-pyloric canal
-pyloric sphincter 
Has rugae to expand during meals
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7
Q

Stomach glands

A

Cardiac glands- primarily mucous
Funding glands - cells that secrete HCl and pepsin
Pyloric glands-‘primarily mucous, longer than cardiac

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8
Q

Stomach wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium
Create gastric pits- simple branched tubular glands
Muscularis externa
-outer longitudinal 
-middle circular
- inner oblique
Serosa
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9
Q

Fundic glands

A

Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells- HCl and intrinsic factor
Chief cells- pepsinogen and gastric lipase
G cells- hormone gastrin=triggers other cells, enteroendocrine cells

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10
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
Large surface area, long 10 ft
Plicae circularis- leaf shaped in duodenum
Villi
Microvilli, striated border of Stereocilia

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11
Q

Small intestine wall modifications

A 
Absorptive cells or enterocytes 
Goblet cells
Crypts of lieberkuhn
- tubular glands
- paneth cells
-enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Submucosa 
- Duodenum= brunners gland for alkaline mucous
Serosa after descending papillae pf duodenum
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12
Q

Paneth cells

A

Secretes lysozyme and capable of phagocytosis

Deep in crypts of Lieberkuhn

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13
Q

Brunners glands

A

Mucous glands
In duodenum
Produce alkaline mucous

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14
Q

Lacteals

A

Blood vessels that fill the villi of the small intestine

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15
Q

Peters patches

A

Lymphatic cells nodules which are found in the ileum

M cells specialized epithelial cells that detect antigens

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16
Q

Large intestine

A

Mainly electrolytes in water
No plicae circularis and no villi
Teniae coli- longitudinal smooth muscle bands
Haustra- pockets in the large intestine
Omental appendages- fatty tissue of Serosa

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17
Q

Large intestine wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium 
Crypts of lieberkuhn 
-tubular glands
-absorptive cells or colonocytes
-Goblet cells
-Enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Lymphoid GALT
Serosa or adventitia
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18
Q

Anal canal

A

Colorectal zone- superior third with simple columnar epithelium

Anal transitional zone - middle third with mix epithelium, adding stratified columnar, muscularis mucous disappears

Squamous zone- non keratinized stratified which goes to keratinized at skin

19
Q

Pancreas

A

Head body tail
98% exocrine compound acinar glands
2% endocrine islets of langerhans
Digestive enzymes into minor and major duodenal papillae via the haepatopancreatic duct or duct of vater
Sodium bicarbonate for buffering and pancreatic juices

20
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food
Nasopharynx- ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Larnygopharynx- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

21
Q

Alimentary canal structure

A 
Mucosa
-Epithelium - stratified squamous or simple columnar
-Lamina propria- LCT
-Muscularis mucosa
Sub mucosa 
Muscularis externa
Serosa or adventitia
22
Q

Myenteric nerves

A

Auerbachs plexus
Nerves for the alimentary canal
Inner gates smooth muscles

23
Q

Esophagus

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Muscularis externa
- upper third skeletal
-lower third smooth muscles
Serosa (after T10) and adventitia
Mucous glands
-esophageal glands proper (submucosa)more higher up
-esophageal cardiac glands (lamina propria by stomach)

24
Q

Stomach

A 
Cardio
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
-pyloric Antrum
-pyloric canal
-pyloric sphincter 
Has rugae to expand during meals
25
Q

Stomach glands

A

Cardiac glands- primarily mucous
Funding glands - cells that secrete HCl and pepsin
Pyloric glands-‘primarily mucous, longer than cardiac

26
Q

Stomach wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium
Create gastric pits- simple branched tubular glands
Muscularis externa
-outer longitudinal 
-middle circular
- inner oblique
Serosa
27
Q

Fundic glands

A

Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells- HCl and intrinsic factor
Chief cells- pepsinogen and gastric lipase
G cells- hormone gastrin=triggers other cells, enteroendocrine cells

28
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
Large surface area, long 10 ft
Plicae circularis- leaf shaped in duodenum
Villi
Microvilli, striated border of Stereocilia

29
Q

Small intestine wall modifications

A 
Absorptive cells or enterocytes 
Goblet cells
Crypts of lieberkuhn
- tubular glands
- paneth cells
-enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Submucosa 
- Duodenum= brunners gland for alkaline mucous
Serosa after descending papillae pf duodenum
30
Q

Paneth cells

A

Secretes lysozyme and capable of phagocytosis

Deep in crypts of Lieberkuhn

31
Q

Brunners glands

A

Mucous glands
In duodenum
Produce alkaline mucous

32
Q

Lacteals

A

Blood vessels that fill the villi of the small intestine

33
Q

Peters patches

A

Lymphatic cells nodules which are found in the ileum

M cells specialized epithelial cells that detect antigens

34
Q

Large intestine

A

Mainly electrolytes in water
No plicae circularis and no villi
Teniae coli- longitudinal smooth muscle bands
Haustra- pockets in the large intestine
Omental appendages- fatty tissue of Serosa

35
Q

Large intestine wall modifications

A 
Simple columnar epithelium 
Crypts of lieberkuhn 
-tubular glands
-absorptive cells or colonocytes
-Goblet cells
-Enteroendocrine cells
-stem cells
Lymphoid GALT
Serosa or adventitia
36
Q

Anal canal

A

Colorectal zone- superior third with simple columnar epithelium

Anal transitional zone - middle third with mix epithelium, adding stratified columnar, muscularis mucous disappears

Squamous zone- non keratinized stratified which goes to keratinized at skin

37
Q

Pancreas

A

Head body tail
98% exocrine compound acinar glands
2% endocrine islets of langerhans
Digestive enzymes into minor and major duodenal papillae via the haepatopancreatic duct or duct of vater
Sodium bicarbonate for buffering and pancreatic juices
Acinar cells have zymogen granules

38
Q

Liver blood sources

A 
Hepatic artery oxygenated, 25% of blood
Hepatic portal vein deoxygenated with newly absorbed, nutrients, drugs, toxins... 75% of blood
Produces bile into feces
Transport:
Liver sinusoids
Central vein
Hepatic vein
IVC
Right atrium of heart
39
Q

Hepatic lobules

A

Has hepatocytes in plates around central veins
Hepatic sinusoids project outward with endothelium lining
Hepatocytes have microvilli that extend to space of disse or perisinusoidal space
Kupffer cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Surrounds by portal triads: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct(simple cuboidal cells)

40
Q

Kupffer cells

A

Phagocytic cells or stellate macrophages
Derived from monocytes
Look for old Rbc

41
Q

Hepatic stellate cells

A

Ito cells
Found in the perisinusoidal space
Have lipid droplets
Store vitamin A

42
Q

Hepatocytes

A

Produce bile from toxins

43
Q

Gallbladder

A

30-50 ml of bile storage
Simple columnar epithelium some Microvilli
No muscularis mucous or submucosa
Concentrate bile from liver til needed in small intestine

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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