Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum

A

Parietal or Somatic or body wall
Visceral or splanchnic or organ wall

A serous double membrane lining the abdominal cavit and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer fold of the peritoneum
Dorsal and ventral Mesentery seen
Splanchnic mesoderm
All from intra embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dorsal Mesentery

A

Dorsal mesogastrium or greater omentum
Mesodoudenum
Mesentery proper - jejunal and ileal loops
Dorsal mesocolon- region of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A 
Septum transversum- liver grows in the mesnchyme of the septum transversum dividing the central Mesentery 
Foregut
Gives rise to central tendon of the diaphragm 
Connective tissue on the liver
Exist only in:
Terminal esophagus
Stomach.
Upper part of the duodenum

Creates the lesser omentum and falciparum ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Lower portion of the esophagus stomach and upper duodenum

Behind liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Extend from the liver to the ventral body
Front of liver

Has round ligament contains fetal umbilical vein

Has hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal triads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arterial supply

A

Foregut- celiac trunk
Midgut- superior mesenteric
Hindgut- inferior mesenteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fore gut

A 
Pharynx
Lower respiratory
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal 1/2 duodenum bile pancreatic duct papillae
Liver 
gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Respiratory diverticulum

A

Comes form ventral side of the foregut to form trachea and lungs
Also called respiratory bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stomach

A

Fusion dilation of the fore gut
Greater curvature of stomach grows dorsal largely
Lesser curvature of stomach grows ventral
90 clockwise around longitudinal
Dorsal mesogastrium rotates with the stomach- creates the omentum bursa which is posterior to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spleen primordium

A

A mesodermal proliferation in the dorsal mesogastrium

Spleen and dorsal midline swing left

Connected by lienorenal ligament and gastrolienal ligament

Intra peritoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Greater omentum

A

Dorsal mesogastrium extend over the stomach

4 layers total come together with the middle being the omentum pal bursa to make this structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Duodenal development

A

Swings with stomach to the right side
Pancreas also swings and becomes retroperitoneal
Small portion of duodenum at the stomach is intra peritoneal
Rest of duodenum becomes retroperitoneal
Connected by dorsal mesoduodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Liver and gallbladder development

A

Distal end of foregut
Liver bud or hepatic diverticulum penetrates the septum transversum
Hepatic cells invade septum transversum to make common bile duct
Small ventral outgrowth becomes gallbladder and cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pancreas development

A

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic bud
Originate from endodermal lining of duodenum
Dorsal bud is in dorsal Mesentery
Ventral bud is outgrowth of bile duct
As duodenum rotates ventral bud swings to dorsal

Ventral - uncinate process, part of head
Dorsal- tail body neck head proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary intestinal loop

A

Rapid elongation of mid gut and Mesentery
Split region at vitelline duct
Cephalic limb- distal duodenum, jejunum, proximal ileum
Caudal limb- distal ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Physiological umbilical herniation

A

Weeks 6-10 the mid gut is pushed out due to lack of space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Midgut rotations

A

Week 6 first
90 counterclockwise rotation around superior mesenteric artery
-initial growth and coiling of small intestine

Week 10 second
180 counter clockwise rotation as the enter normal position
Allows caudal limb to end up on top as small intestine returns to stomach, caudal creates large intestine in this manor
Cecal swelling from caudal limb moves to inferior position

19
Q

Midgut retro peritoneal

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

Ascending and descending colon

20
Q

Midgut Mesentery

A

Transverse mesocolon
-fuses with posterior wall of greater omentum and large intestine

Mesentery proper

  • around the jejunoileal loops
  • attach to area where duodenum becomes intra peritoneal
  • until ileocecal junction
21
Q

Recanalization

A

Endodermal lining occluded the tube 6 week

Recanalization of gut tube occurs week 9

Vile are created

22
Q

Meckels diverticulum

A

Vitelline duct doesn’t close properly

Gastric acid ulsers possible

Omphalmesenteric fistula, cyst, ligament

23
Q

Hind gut development

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

24
Q

Urorectal septum

A

Partitions the cloaca
Grows inferiorly to cloacal membrane
Ventrally- urogenital sinus
Dorsally- anorectal canal

End of week 7
Cloacal membrane will rupture to make anus

25
Q

Anal canal development

A

Superior 2/3 is endoderm
Inferior 1/3 is ectoderm
Junction is pectinate line
-change of columnar and stratified squamous epithelium

26
Q

Urogenital system

A

Urinary system
Genital system
Urogenital ridge from intermediate mesoderm

Genital ridge - medial
Nephrogenic ridge - lateral

27
Q

Primordial germ cells

A

Beginning of gonadotropin development
Week 4 cells migrate from yolk sac to dorsal Mesentery of hind gut
Week 5 cells arrive at primitive gonads
Week 6 cells invade genital ridge
Week 7 morphological sec characteristics form

28
Q

Primitive sec cords

A

PGC proliferate into the mesenchyme which expand the epithelial cells of the genital ridge

29
Q

Paramesonephric or Müllerian duct

A

Runs lateral to Mesonephric duct, crosses ventral

Meets with the sinus tubercle

30
Q

Males

A

XY chromosome has SRY genes
Encodes testis determine factor
Primitive sexcords will proliferate to form testic (medullary) cords
Epithelial stop proliferating

31
Q

Testis medullary cords

A

The hilum breaks up into a network of tiny cells which give rise to tubules call RETE TESTIS,

TUNICA ALBUGINEA- dense layer of CT, separates cords from epithelium

In 4th month testis cords becomes horse shaped and continuous with RETE testis : primitive germ cells and Sertoli cells (surface epithelial derivative)

32
Q

Leyden cells

A

Derived from mesenchyme of gonadal ridge
Between testis cords
By week 8
Produce testosterone

33
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Testis cords after a lumen is acquired
The RETE testes connect these to efferent ductules
Efferent ductules connect to mesonephronic duct
Gives rise to the vas deferens

34
Q

Mesonephric ducts forming

Testosterone stimulates

A 
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory duct
35
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Epithelial derivative cells
Produce antimullerian hormone AMH
Cause paramesoneophric duct to degenerate
-except for small cranial portion -appendix testis

36
Q

Descent of testis

A

Development retroperitoneal, month 2
Move caudally past abdominal wall by inguinal canal
-months 2-7
GUBERNACULUM -condensation of mesenchyme anchors testis to scrotum floor, pulls them down, set after birth

37
Q

Testis layers

A

Processes vaginalis- evagination of peritonium to scrotal swellings
Transversalis fascia- internal spermatic fascia
Internal abdominal oblique- cremasteric fascia
External abdominal oblique- external spermatic fascia

$transversalis abdominus doesn’t descend

38
Q

Females

A

XX chromosomes
No SRY
So ovaries form

39
Q

Primitive sex cords, female

A

Dissociate into irregular clusters
Contain PGC and form medulla of ovary
Surface epithelium of female gonads continues to proliferate
Week 7, cortical cords form from surface epithelium

40
Q

Primordial follicle

A

Cortical cords penetrate mesenchyme
Split into isolated cell clusters
Cell clusters surround each oogonium with epithelial layer
PF= oogonium + follicular cells

41
Q

Estrogen presence

A

Paramesoneophric develop into female genital ducts

Mesonephronic degenerated

42
Q

Paramesoneophric duct

A

Uterine tube
Uterine canal
- corpus uterus, cervix, upper vagina

Connects with sinus tubercle to make vagina

  • sinovaginal bulbs and vaginal plate
  • vagina from 2 portions
43
Q

Descent of ovaries

A

Cranial genital ligament- suspensory ligament of the ovaries

caudal genital ligament- ligament of ovary proper and round ligament of the uterus

44
Q

Cloacal folds

A

Create urethral and anal folds
Start at genital tubercle
During the 3 red week these mesenchyme like cells from primitive streak migrate
Genital swellings make scrotum or labia majora

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions