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ANAT 200 > URINARY > Flashcards

URINARY Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of urinary system

A

remove metabolic waste from blood

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2
Q

what is responsible for generating metabolic waste

A

body cells

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3
Q

what is removing metabolic wastes from blood important for

A

blood homeostasis

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4
Q

PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of kidney

A

produce urine

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5
Q

PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of ureters

A

transport urine

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6
Q

PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of urinary bladder

A

store urine

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7
Q

PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of urethra

A

secrete urine

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8
Q

PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the vasculature of urinary system

A
  1. renal artery

2. renal vein

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9
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY which kidney is lower

A

right

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10
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where are kidneys located

A

back of abdomen behind digestive organs

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11
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what does not surround kidneys

A

visceral peritoneum (retroperitoneal)

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12
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where are kidneys located in utero

A

pelvis

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13
Q
  • ANATOMY OF KIDNEY how does urine flow through kidneys
A
  1. minor calyx
  2. major calyx
  3. renal pelvis
  4. ureter
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14
Q

*ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where is cortex located

A

underneath fibrous capsule

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15
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where is medulla located

A

underneath cortex

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16
Q

*ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what drains into minor calyx

A

renal papila

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17
Q

what does renal lobe possess

A

own vasculature

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18
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what is renal pelvis continuous with

A

ureters

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19
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium is calyx

A

transitional

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20
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium in renal pelvis

A

transitional

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21
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium in ureters

A

transitional

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22
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what is pathway of blood (13)

A
  1. renal artery
  2. segmental artery
  3. interlobular artery
  4. arcuate artery
  5. interlobular artery
  6. afferent arterioles
  7. capillaries
  8. efferent arterioles
  9. peritubular capillaries
  10. interlobular vein
  11. arcuate vein
  12. interlobular vein
  13. renal vein
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23
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of blood enters through renal artery

A
  1. nutrient rich

2. oxygenated

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24
Q

ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what are arcuate arteries and veins

A

vessels that arch over pyramids

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25
Q

NEPHRON what is nephron

A

basic functional unit of kidney

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26
Q

NEPHRON what is nephron composed of (main)

A
  1. renal corpuscle

2. renal tubule

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27
Q

NEPHRON where is renal corpuscle located

A

cortex

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28
Q

NEPHRON where is proximal convoluted tubule located

A

cortex

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29
Q

NEPHRON where is distal convoluted tubule located

A

cortex

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30
Q

NEPHRON where is loop of henle located

A

medulla

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31
Q

NEPHRON where is collecting duct located

A

medulla

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32
Q

NEPHRON what are 2 types of nephrons

A
  1. cortical nephron

2. juxtamedullary nephron

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33
Q

NEPHRON what is the function of cortical nephron

A
  1. reabsorption

2. secretion

34
Q

NEPHRON what is the function of juxtamedullary nephron

A

concentrate urine

35
Q

NEPHRON what allows for urine to be concentrated

A

salt gradient

36
Q

NEPHRON where is salt gradient highest and lowest

A

towards medulla

towards cortex

37
Q

NEPHRON what are the parts of nephron (4)

A
  1. renal corpuscle
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. distal convoluted tubule
  4. collecting tubule
38
Q

NEPHRON what does collecting tubule lead to

A

collecting ducts

39
Q

NEPHRON where does blood going into glomerulus come from

A

afferent arterioles

40
Q

NEPHRON where does blood leaving glomerulus come from

A

efferent arterioles

41
Q

NEPHRON how does size of afferent arteriole compare to size of efferent arteriole

A

afferent arteriole bigger, efferent arteriole smaller

42
Q

NEPHRON how does pressure of afferent arteriole compare to pressure of efferent arteriole

A

afferent arteriole low pressure, efferent arteriole high pressure

43
Q

NEPHRON what is glomerulus

A

ball of capillaries

44
Q

NEPHRON what is bowman’s capsule

A
  • cap over renal corpuscle

- parietal layer

45
Q

NEPHRON what is function of mesangial cells

A
  1. control bp within capillaries to maintain optimal filtration rate
  2. phagocytosis
  3. repair
  4. support
46
Q

NEPHRON what are podocytes

A
  • feet that form slits around capillaries

- visceral layer

47
Q

NEPHRON what is bowman’s space

A
  • urinary space

- space bw parietal and visceral

48
Q

NEPHRON what are filtration slits

A

spaces bw podocytes

49
Q

NEPHRON what is the function of basal mem

A

prevent (1) RBC (2) WBC (3) platelets (4) proteins from moving from capillaries to urinary space

50
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APARATUS (JGA) what do JGA cells secrete

A

renin

51
Q

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APARATUS (JGA) what is the function of JGA

A
  1. regulate blood flow
  2. regulate pressure
  3. filtrate formation
52
Q

what happens at renal corpuscle

A

filtrate produced

53
Q

what happens in proximal tubule

A

reabsorption (tube to blood)

  1. organic nutrients
  2. water
  3. electrolytes
  4. ions
54
Q

what does loop of henle contain

A
  1. thick limb

2. thin limb

55
Q

what happens in thin limb

A

reabsorption (tube to blood)

- water

56
Q

what happens in thick limb

A

reabsorption (tube to blood)

  1. Na
  2. Ca
57
Q

what surrounds tubules in cortex

A

efferent arterioles from glomerulus

58
Q

what is vasa recta

A

capillary bed in medulla

59
Q

what is the function of vasa recta

A

reabsorb water to preserve salt gradient

60
Q

what happens in distal tubule

A 
secretion (blood to tube)
1. acids 
2. toxins 
reabsorption (tube to blood)
- Na
61
Q

what regulates reabsorption

A

aldosterone (hormone forom adrenal gland)

62
Q

what happens in collecting tubules and ducts

A

reabsorption (tube to blood)

- water

63
Q

what hormone allows for reabsorption of water into blood

A

ADH

64
Q

what is the function fo ADH

A

open aquaporins to allow water to move from tube to blood

65
Q

what is result of reabsorption of water

A

concentrate urine

66
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM how are cells arranges when relaxed

A

stacked

67
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM how are cells arranges when stretched

A

side by side

68
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM what happens when transitional epithelial layer stretched

A

trigger urination

69
Q

URETERS what is characteristic of ureters

A

impermeable

70
Q

URETERS what do ureters contain

A

smooth muscle (for peristalsis)

71
Q

URETERS how do ureters enter urinary bladder

A

through uretic orfices

72
Q

what happens at uretopelvic junction

A
  • stone leaving kidney

- T10 to L1

73
Q

what happens at uretovesical junction

A
  • stone entering urinary bladder

- L1 to L2

74
Q

when stone crossing common iliac vessels

A

T11 to L2

75
Q

what are layers of urinary bladder

A
  1. transitional epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. submucosa
  4. detrusor muscle
76
Q

what is the function of sympathetic innervation

A
  • stimulate contraction of internal urethral sphincter (closes)
  • inhibit contraction of detrusor (relax + fill )
77
Q

what is the function of parasympathetic innervation

A
  • inhibit contraction of internal urethral sphincter (opens)

- stimulate contraction of detrusor

78
Q

what is the function of somatic innervation

A

control external urethral sphincter

79
Q

what happens to epithelium in urethra

A

transitional to stratified

80
Q

what are 3 parts of male urethra

A
  1. prostatic
  2. membranous
  3. penile

ANAT 200 (9 decks)

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