MALE REPRO Flashcards by BF Rivera

ORGANIZATION what are the gonads

testes

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ORGANIZATION what is the function of the gonads

produce gamete / sex cells (sperm)

2. produce testosterone

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ORGANIZATION what is the function of ducts

sperm storage
sperm maturation
sperm transportation

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ORGANIZATION what is the organ of copulation

penis

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ORGANIZATION what is the function of accessory glands (3)

produce seminal fluid
secretions allow sperm to mature
secretions allow sperm to survive

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ORGANIZATION what is the function of parietal peritoneum

drape over pelvic organs to separate pelvic cavity from abdominal cavity

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what crosses barrier bw pelvic cavity and abdominal cavity in females

ovaries

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PELVIC ANATOMY where are testes located

outside of body

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PELVIC ANATOMY what are 2 branches of common iliac vessels

internal

2. external

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PELVIC ANATOMY what does internal supply

pelvic cavity

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PELVIC ANATOMY where does sperm maturation occur

epididymis

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PELVIC ANATOMY what is the function of bulbourethral gland

secrete alkaline fluid

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PELVIC ANATOMY what is the function of bulbourethral gland

neutralize acidity of urine in urethra

2. neutralize acidity of vagina

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PELVIC ANATOMY what is seminal vesicle

gland

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PELVIC ANATOMY what is seminal duct

vas deferens + seminal vesicle

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PELVIC ANATOMY what is rectovesical pouch

space bw urinary bladder + rectum

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what kind of muscles are external sphincters made of

skeletal, somatic, voluntary

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what kind of muscles are internal sphincters made of

smooth, autonomic, involuntary

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what is the function of external urethral sphincter

regulate urethral opening

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what is the function of muscles over erectile tissue

increase blood flow to maintain erection

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what is the function of levator ani

support pelvic organs

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PERINEAL MUSCLES what is the function of external anal sphincter

regulate opening of anus

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ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what is the function of corpora cavernosa

facilitate blood flow to maintain erection

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ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what does corpus spongiosum contain

urethra

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ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what do curs come together to form

corpora cavernosa

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what covers curs

ischicavernosus muscle

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what covers bulb

bulbospongiosus muscle

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what supplies corpora cavernosa with blood

central arteries

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what supplies corpora spongiosum with blood

arteries in surrounding CT

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what drains corpora cavernosa + corpora spongiosum

veins in surrounding CT

ERECTILE TISSUE AND SURROUNDING MUSCLES what is mechanism for erection

1. parasympathetic stimulation causes erection | 2. sympathetic stimulation causes ejaculation

EXTERNAL GENITALIA what makes up spermatic cord (3)

1. vas deferens 2. pampiniform plexus 3. testicular artery

EXTERNAL GENITALIA what vasculature is associated w testes

testicular artery

EXTERNAL GENITALIA where does testicular artery come from

abdominal aorta

EXTERNAL GENITALIA what does semen consist of

1. sperm | 2. seminal fluid

EXTERNAL GENITALIA what secretes seminal fluid

accessory glands

EXTERNAL GENITALIA wha is spermatogenesis

production of sperm

TESTIS what are rete testis / mediastinum

network of small tubes in testicles

TESTIS how is mediastinum formed

posterior bulging of tunica albuginea

TESTIS what enters rete testis (3)

1. blood 2. lymph 3. nerves

TESTIS what is the function of efferent ductules

transport sperm from rete testis to epididymis

TESTIS what are seminiferous tubules site of

sperm production

TESTIS where in testes are seminiferous tubules located

lobules separated septa

TESTIS what are septa of lobules

tunica albuginea

TESTIS what is tunica albuginea

white fibrous CT

TESTIS what lines inside of seminiferous tubules

germinal / stem epithelium

TESTIS what 2 types of cells make up germinal / stem epithelium

1. sertoli cells | 2. spermatogenic cells

TESTIS what is the function of sertoli cells (5)

1. support developing spermatogenic cells 2. phagocytize cyto 3. secrete fructose rich fluid to feed spermatogenic cells 4. maintain testosterone levels 5. establish blood-testis barrier

TESTIS what is the function of spermatogenic cells

develop into sperm

TESTIS what kind of cells are located within septa

interstitial cells

TESTIS what are 2 types of interstitial cells

1. myeloid cells | 2. leydig cells

TESTIS what is the function of myeloid cells

contract to propel sperm into rete testis

TESTIS what is the function of leydig cells

produce testosterone

TESTIS what is the function of testosterone

regulate spermatogenesis

TESTIS what is the function of tunica vaginalis

produce serous fluid that allow testes to move

TESTIS what is the function of scrotal cavity

hold testes

TESTIS what is the epididymis

tube where sperm maturation occurs

TESTIS what is vas deferens

tube where sperm transportation occurs

SPERMATOGENESIS what are 3 steps of spermatogenesis

1. spermatocytogenesis 2. meiosis 3. spermatogenesis

SPERMATOGENESIS what is spermatocytogenesis

spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes

SPERMATOGENESIS what kind of cells are spermatogonia

spermatogenic cells in stem epithelium

SPERMATOGENESIS what happens in meiosis

1 spermatocyte becomes 4 spermatids

SPERMATOGENESIS what is spermatogenesis

spermatids become sperm

SPERMATOGENESIS what regualtes spermatogenesis

testosterone

SPERMATOGENESIS what happens during spermatogenesis (4)

1. condensation of nucleus 2. formation of acrosome 3. formation of flagellum 4. shedding of cyto

what is the function of acrosome cap

eat through zona pellucida

what is zona pellucida

protective layer of ovum

what is the function of FSH

stimulate sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis

SPERMATOGENESIS what is the function of LH

stimulate leydig cells to produce testosterone

SPERMATOGENESIS what happens when FSH or LH becomes too high

sertoli cells release inhibin

how are FSH and LH released

1. hypothalamus releases GnRH | 2. GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH

EPIDIDYMIS where is head located

testes

EPIDIDYMIS where is body located

vas deferens

EPIDIDYMIS what kind of cells make up epithelium (2)

1. tall ciliated cells | 2. short absorptive cells

EPIDIDYMIS what is the function of tall ciliated cells

move sperm along tube

EPIDIDYMIS what is the function of short absorptive cells

absorb what maturing cells release

EPIDIDYMIS what is required for sperm to become motile

must pass through epididymis

VAS DEFERENS what is vas deferens composed of

2 layers of smooth muscle

VAS DEFERENS what is the function of vas def

transport sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicle

SEMINAL VESICLES how is mucosa specialized

1. lots of secretory glands | 2. lots of folds

SEMINAL VESICLES what do seminal vesicles secrete

1. coagulation factors to protect sperm from acidity of vaginal canal 2. fructose to feed sperm

PROSTATE GLAND what is anatomy of prostate gland

- located under urinary bladder | - surrounded by CT

PROSTATE GLAND what does prostate gland contain

smooth muscle

PROSTATE GLAND what does smooth muscle of prostate gland do during ejaculation

contract

PROSTATE GLAND what does prostate gland secrete

seminal fluid

PROSTATE GLAND what do secretions of prostate gland contain

hydrolytic enzymes to declot

PROSTATE GLAND what is the function of bulbourethral glands

coat urethra w alkaline mucous before passage of sperm