Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 200 > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up endocrine system

A
  1. glands

2. endocrine tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

FUNCTIONS what are functions of endocrine system

A
  1. secrete hormones / chemical messengers into blood
  2. integrate activities of organs / organ system
  3. maintain homeostasis (w nervous system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

FUNCTIONS what is glandular epithelium composed of

A

specialized cells / endocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FUNCTIONS what is the function of specialized cells / endocrine cells

A
  1. synthesize hormones
  2. store hormones
  3. secrete hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FUNCTIONS what are 2 types of glands

A
  1. endocrine glands

2. exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FUNCTIONS where do exocrine glands release secretions

A

ducts that lead to epithelial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FUNCTIONS where do endocrine glands release secretions

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HORMONES what is a hormone

A
  • chemical messenger tat - produced by endocrine cell
  • secreted by endocrine cell
  • travels through circulation to target tissue
  • acts of target cells within target tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HORMONES what is required for hormone to have effect on target tissue

A

ligand-receptor interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HORMONES what hormones are derived from proteins

A
  1. amino acid derivatives

2. peptide hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HORMONES what do peptide hormones contain

A

multiple aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HORMONES what hormones are derived from lipids

A
  1. steroid hormones

2. eicosanoid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HORMONES what are steroid hormones derived from

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HORMONES what are eicosanoid hormones derived from

A

fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HORMONES why might eicosanoid not be considered hormone

A

acts locally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

THYROID where is thyroid gland located

A

anterior to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

THYROID what joins R and L thyroid gland

A

isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what are follicular cells

A

T thyrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES where are follicular cells located

A

outside of follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what is function of follicular cell

A
  1. produce thyroglobulin
  2. store thyroglobulin in lumen of follicle
  3. pump iodine into lumen of follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what happens to iodine that is pumped into lumen of follicle

A

added to thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what is thyroglobulin

A

hormone precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what is colloid

A

protein-reich fluid in lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

THYROID FOLLICLES what is the function of colloid

A

store thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

TSH what is the function of TSH

A

stimulate thyrocytes to remove Tg from lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

TSH what happens when Tg removed from lumen

A

cleaved by lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

TSH what happens after Tg cleared by lysosome

A

T3 and T4 fragments go into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

THYROID HORMONES what hormone class do thyroid hormones belong to

A

amino acid derivative hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

THYROID HORMONES what are thyroid hormones

A

derivatives of tyrosine w added iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

THYROID HORMONES what are 2 thyroid hormones

A

T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

THYROID HORMONES which thyroid hormone secreted more

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

THYROID HORMONES which is more active thyroid hormone

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

THYROID HORMONES what is the function of thyroid hormones

A

regulate metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

THYROID HORMONE REG how are T3 and T4 released

A
  1. hypothalamus releases TRH
  2. TRH stimulates anterior pituitary to release TSH
  3. TSH stimulates thyroid glands to release Tg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

THYROID HORMONE REG what happens when T3 and T4 levels become too high

A

feed back to inhibit hypothalamus from releasing TRH

feedback to inhibit pituitary to from releasing TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

PITUITARY where does pituitary gland sit

A

sella tutica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

PITUITARY what is anterior lobe

A

adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

PITUITARY what does adenohypophysis contain

A

epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

PITUITARY what is posterior lobe

A

neurohypohysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

PITUITARY what does neurohypophysis contain

A

nerve terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

PITUITARY what is portal system

A

vein that connects capillary be in hypothalamus to capillary bed in anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

PITUITARY what are neuro secretory cells

A

neurons in hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

PITUITARY where do axon terminals of neuro secretory cells terminate

A

primary capillary plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

PITUITARY what happens when neuro secretory cells fire AP

A
  1. AP travels to primary capillary plexus
  2. AP travels to portal vein
  3. AP travels to adenohypophysis (Secondary capillary plexus)
  4. glandular cells release hormones
  5. hormones travel through efferent veins
45
Q

PITUITARY what is the function of superior hypophyseal artery

A

feed primary capillary plexus

46
Q

PITUITARY where would TRH get released

A

primary capillary plexus

47
Q

PITUITARY where would TSH get release

A

secondary capillary plexus

48
Q

PITUITARY what are 7 anterior pituitary hormones

A
  1. hCG
  2. TSH
  3. FSH
  4. LH
  5. prolactin
  6. ACTH
  7. MSH
49
Q

PITUITARY what is the function of hCG (4)

A
  1. stimulate growth
  2. stimulate metabolism
  3. stimulate protein synthesis
  4. catabolize fat
50
Q

PITUITARY what is the function of TSH

A

stimulate production of T3 and T4

51
Q

PITUITARY what is the function of prolactin

A

stimulate mlk production

52
Q

PITUITARY what is the function of ACTH (2)

A
  1. regulate hormone secretion by adrenal cortex

2. stimulate secretion of glucocoticoid (i.e. cortisol)

53
Q

NEUROHYPOPHYSIS what does neurohypophysis contain

A

capillary bed

54
Q

NEUROHYPOPHYSIS what neurosecretory cells innervate capillary bed of neurohypophysis

A
  1. neurosecretory cells of supraoptic nucleus

2. neurosecretory cells of paraventricular nucleus

55
Q

NEUROHYPOPHYSIS what is pathway of AP

A
  1. neruo secretory cells
  2. neuro hypophysis (capillary bed)
  3. efferent veins
56
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES what hormones are secreted by posterior pituitary gland

A
  1. oxytocin

2. vasopressin / ADH

57
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES what is the function of vasopressin (2)

A
  1. regulate bp

2. regulate urine concentration

58
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES what makes ADH

A

neurons of supraoptic nucleus

59
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES what is the function of oxytocin (2)

A
  1. stimulate uterine muscle contraction

2. stimulate release of milk from mammary glands

60
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES what makes oxytocin

A

neurons of paraventricular nucleus

61
Q

SLOW RESPONSE TO STRESS what is function of neuroendocrine neurons

A

synthesize ADH and CRH

release ADH and CRH

62
Q

SLOW RESPONSE TO STRESS what happens when ADH and CRH released

A
  1. stimulate anterior pituitary to release ACTH

2. ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

63
Q

SLOW RESPONSE TO STRESS AXIS what happens when glucocorticoid levels become too high

A
  • feedback to hypothalamus to inhibit release of CRH

- feedback to anterior pituitary to inhibit release of ACTH

64
Q

ADRENAL GLAND where are adrenal glands located

A

on top of kidneys

65
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is medulla

A

inner portion

66
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is cortex

A

outer portion

67
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of cortex

A

store cholesterol for synthesis of steroid hormones

68
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of corticosteroid

A

homeostasis

69
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what makes up cortex

A
  1. zona glomerulosa
  2. zona fasiculata
  3. zona reticularis
70
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of zona glomerulosa

A

produce mineralocorticoids

71
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of mineralocorticoids

A
  • control electrolyte balance

- control fluid balance

72
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of zona fasiculata

A

produce glucocorticoids (in response to ACTH)

73
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what are glucocorticoids involved in

A
  1. homeostasis

2. stress

74
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of zona reticularis

A

produce androgens

75
Q

ADRENAL GLAND what is the function of androgens

A
  1. stimulate armpit hair growth

2. stimulate pubic hair growth

76
Q

CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA what kind of cells are chromaffin cells

A

neuroendocrine cells (in adrenal medulla)

77
Q

CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA what are chromaffin cells equivalent to

A

sympathetic post ganglionic fibers

78
Q

CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA what do chromaffin cells release

A
  1. norepinephrine

2. epinephrine

79
Q

CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA what is purpose of norepinephrine + epinephrine release

A

fast response to stress

80
Q

CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA what are hormones of adrenal medulla

A
  1. norepinephrine

2. epinephrine

81
Q

FAST RESPONSE TO STRESS what is pathway of AP

A
  1. neuroendocrine cells in hypothalamus
  2. pre ganglionic fibers
  3. adrenal medulla
82
Q

FAST RESPONSE TO STRESS where does axon of neuroendocrine cell synapse w preganglionic fibers

A

spinal cord

83
Q

FAST REsPONSE TO STRESS what does adrenal medulla release

A
  1. epinephrine

2. norepinephrine

84
Q

PANCREAS what is pancreas not under control of

A

hypothalamus

pituitary

85
Q

PANCREAS what is anatomy of pancreas

A

cluster of islets (endocrine cells) surrounded by exocrine cless

86
Q

PANCREAS what are 3 types of islets

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. delta
87
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of alpha cells

A

produce and secrete glucagon

88
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of beta cells

A

produce and secrete insulin

89
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of glucagon

A
  1. stimulate glucose synthesis to increase blood glucose

2. mobilize lipid reserves

90
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of insulin

A
  1. stimulate glucose uptake to decrease blood glucose

2. stimulate lipid storage

91
Q

PANCREAS what is diabetes

A

inability to produce insulin

92
Q

PANCREAS what does diabetes lead to

A

elevation of blood glucose

93
Q

PANCREAS what are 2 types of diabetes

A

type 1

type 2

94
Q

PANCREAS what is type 1 / insulin dependent

A
  • autoimmune disease that destroys beta cells
95
Q

PANCREAS what is result of type 1

A

less insulin

96
Q

PANCREAS what is type 2 / non-insulin dependent

A
  • insulin resistance

- insulin-secretory defect

97
Q

PANCREAS what is insulin resistance

A

target cells become less sensitive to insulin

98
Q

OTHER GLANDS what are other endocrine glands

A
  1. parathyroid
  2. gonads
  3. pineal
  4. thymus
99
Q

OTHER GLANDS where are parathyroid glands located

A

posterior to thyroid

100
Q

OTHER GLANDS what do parathyroid glands secrete

A

parathyroid hormone

101
Q

OTHER GLANDS what is the function of parathyroid hormone

A

increase Ca in blood

102
Q

OTHER GLANDS how can Ca in blood be increased

A

decrease Ca deposition in bone

103
Q

OTHER GLANDS what is the function of calcitonin

A

decrease Ca in blood

104
Q

OTHER GLANDS how can Ca in blood be decreased

A

increase Ca deposition in bone

105
Q

OTHER GLANDS what secretes calcitonin

A

C cells of thyroid gland

106
Q

OTHER GLANDS what does pineal gland secrete

A

melatonin

107
Q

OTHER GLANDS what does thymus gland secrete

A

thymic hormones

108
Q

OTHER GLANDS what is thymus associated w

A

T lymphocytes

ANAT 200 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions