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ANAT 200 > GI SYSTEM 2 > Flashcards

GI SYSTEM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

STOMACH what is the function of stomach (3)

A
  1. mechanical processing
  2. digestion
  3. mix bolus and gastric juices
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2
Q

STOMACH how does stomach do mechanical processing

A

contracts muscles

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3
Q

STOMACH how does stomach do digestion

A
  • secretes enzymes

- secretes chemicals

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4
Q

STOMACH what is chyme

A

mixture of bolus and gastric juices

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5
Q

STOMACH what is fundus

A

bony top of organ

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6
Q

STOMACH what is located in fundus of stomach

A
  1. air

2. cells that detect entrance of food

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7
Q

STOMACH what occurs in body of stomach

A

mechanical processing

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8
Q

STOMACH what is greater omentum attached to

A

greater curvature of stomach

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9
Q

STOMACH what are functions of greater omentum (2)

A
  1. deposit lipid

2. move to site of infection

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10
Q

STOMACH what kind of epithelium makes up mucosal layer

A

simple columnar epithelium

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11
Q

STOMACH what are 3 layers of smooth muscle in muscularis externis

A
  1. inner oblique
  2. middle circular
  3. outer longitudinal
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12
Q

STOMACH what does inner oblique layer contain

A

rugae

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13
Q

STOMACH what are rugae

A

folds

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14
Q

STOMACH what are gastric pits close to

A

lumen

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15
Q

STOMACH what is gastic gland close to

A

submucosa

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16
Q

STOMACH what layer are gastric pits + gastric glands a part of

A

mucosal layer

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17
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of surface mucosa cell

A

form thick layer of mucous to protect from HCl

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18
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of mucous neck cell

A

produce watery mucous

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19
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of parietal cell

A

produce HCl

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20
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of chief cell

A

produce pre-enzymes other than amylase

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21
Q

SECRETORY CELLS when do pre-enzymes secreted by chief cells become active

A

when they pass through mucous neck cell secretion

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22
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of neuroendocrine cell

A

produce gastrin

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23
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what is the function of gastrin

A
  1. stimulate parietal cells to produce secretions

2. stimulate chief cell to produce secretion

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24
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what cells are involved in protection

A

surface mucosa cell

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25
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what cells are involved in digestion (3)

A
  1. mucous neck
  2. parietal
  3. chief
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26
Q

SECRETORY CELLS what cells are involved in GI regulation

A

neuroendocrine

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27
Q

SI what kind of epithelium makes up mucosal layer

A

simple squamous epithelium

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28
Q

SI what is the main function of duodenum

A

digestion

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29
Q

SI what is the main function of jejunum

A

absorption

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30
Q

SI what is the main function of ileum

A

absorption

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31
Q

SI where does SI start and end

A 
start = pyloric sphincter 
end= ileocecal valve of cecum
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32
Q

SI what quadrants can SI be found in

A

all 4

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33
Q

SI how is SI specialized for absorption

A
  1. contains folds
  2. each fold contains villi
  3. each villi contains micrtovillli
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34
Q

SI what is associated w each villus (2)

A
  1. vasculature

2. lymphatics

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35
Q

SI what 4 types of cells make up villar epithelium

A
  1. absorptive cell
  2. goblet cell
  3. enteroendocrince cell
  4. paneth cell
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36
Q

SI what is absorptive cell

A

main epithelial cell

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37
Q

SI what is the function of goblet cell

A

secrete mucous

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38
Q

SI what is the function of enteroendocrine cell

A

regulate (by releasing hormones)

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39
Q

SI what is the function of paneth cell

A

kill bacteria (to determine gut flora)

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40
Q

SI what do sugars get broken into

A

monosaccharides

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41
Q

SI what do proteins get broken into

A

aa

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42
Q

SI where do monosaccharide and aa go

A

hepatic portal circulation

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43
Q

SI what do fats get broken into

A

fatty acids ==> chylomicrons ==> chyle

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44
Q

SI where do fats go

A

lacteals

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45
Q

SI where does chyle go

A

thoracic duct

46
Q

SI what surrounds most of SI

A

visceral peritoneum

47
Q

SI what parts of SI not surrounded by visceral peritoneum

A

duodenum

48
Q

DUODENUM what is function of duodenum (4)

A
  1. digestion of macromolecules
  2. receive chyme from stomach
  3. receive secretion from pancreas via gallbladder
  4. receive secretion from liver via gallbladder
49
Q

DUODENUM where does digestion complete

A

duodenum

50
Q

DUODENUM what glands does duodenum contain

A

brunner’s glands

51
Q

DUODENUM where are brunner’s glands located

A

submucosal layer

52
Q

DUODENUM what is the function of brunner’s glands

A
  1. provide mucous to neutralize acid from stomach

2. provide pancreatic buffers

53
Q

LIVER what secretes bile

A

hepatocytes

54
Q

LIVER what are canaliculi

A

channels

55
Q

LIVER what happens to bile secreted by hepatocytes

A

go into canaliculi

56
Q

LIVER what are 3 major functions of liver

A
  1. metabolic regulation
  2. hematological regualtion
  3. synthesis and secretion of bile
57
Q

LIVER what is metabolic regulation referring to

A
  1. regulating what is absorbed by intestine

2. detoxifying what is absorbed from intestine

58
Q

LIVER what is hematological regulation referring to

A

destroying

  1. aged RBC
  2. damaged RBC
  3. cellular debris
  4. pathogens

secreting plasma proteins

59
Q

LIVER what is responsible for hematological regulation

A

macrophages

60
Q

LIVER what is the purpose of secreting plasma portions

A
  1. osmotic function
  2. clotting function
  3. nutrient transport
61
Q

LIVER what is bile involved in

A

lipid digestion

62
Q

LIVER what makes up portal triad

A
  1. hepatic protal vein
  2. hepatic artery proper
    3 common bile duct
63
Q

LIVER what is portal triad associated w

A

lesser omentum

64
Q

LIVER where does liver receive blood

A

intestines

65
Q

LIVER what does blood from intestines contain

A
  1. nutrients
  2. toxic compounds
  3. pathogens
66
Q

LIVER what is pathway of blood

A

1 periphery of liver lobules

  1. central vein
  2. L and R hepatic vein
  3. inferior vena cava
67
Q

LIVER what mxed in sinusoids

A
  1. blood from hepatic portal vein

2. blood from hepatic artery proper

68
Q

LIVER what is the purpose of blood mixing in sinusoids

A

provide hepatocytes with

  1. oxygen rich and
  2. nutrient rich blood
69
Q

LIVER what are sinusoids

A

large vessels

70
Q

LIVER what are kupffer cells

A

macrophages (for hematological regulation)

71
Q

LIVER what does central vein fo to

A
  1. L hepatic vein

2. R hepatic vein

72
Q

LIVER what surrounds liver lobules

A

sinusoids

73
Q

LIVER what are hepatocytes

A

liver cells

74
Q

LIVER what to hepatocytes make up

A

liver lobules

75
Q

LIVER what are steps in bile flow

A
  1. canaliculi
  2. small biliary ducts
  3. larger ducts
  4. L + R hepatic ducts
  5. common hepatic duct
76
Q

LIVER where is bile stored

A

gallbladder

77
Q

LIVER what is bile released into to get into duodenum

A
  1. cystic duct

2. bile duct (cystic duct + common hepatic duct)

78
Q

what does bile duct lead to

A

duodenum

79
Q

GALLBLADDER what is the function of gallbladder

A
  1. concentrate bile

2. store bile

80
Q

GALLBLADDER what does hepatopancreatic sphincter lead into

A

duodenum

81
Q

GALLBLADDER what happens if hepatopancreatic sphincter closed

A

gallbladder fills w bile

82
Q

GALLBLADDER what happens if hepatopancreatic sphincter open

A

duodenum fills w bile

83
Q

GALLBLADDER what does chyme induce release of

A

CCK

84
Q

GALLBLADDER what is the function of CCK

A
  1. induce relaxation of hepatopancreatic sphincter

2. induce contraction of gall bladder

85
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of pancreas (2)

A
  1. secrete digestive enzymes for digestion in intestines

2. secrete bicarbonate buffer for neutralization of chyme

86
Q

PANCREAS what kind of gland is pancreas

A
  1. endocrine

2. exocrine

87
Q

PANCREAS what is responsible for endocrine secretions

A

islets

88
Q

PANCREAS what do islets secrete

A
  1. glucagon

2. insulin

89
Q

PANCREAS what is responsible for exocrine secretions

A
  1. acinar cells

2. centroacinar cells

90
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of acinar cells

A

secrete pre-enzymatic digestive enzymes

91
Q

PANCREAS what is the function of centroacinar cells

A
  1. secrete bicarbonate buffer

2. regulate release of pre enzymatic digestive enzymes from acinar cells

92
Q

PANCREAS how do secretions from pancreas get into duodenum

A

pancreatic duct

93
Q

PANCREAS what merges w pancreatic duct

A

bile duct

94
Q

PANCREAS what does pancreatic duct enter duodenum from

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

95
Q

JEJUNUM what occurs in jejunum

A

majority of absorption

96
Q

ILEUM what occurs in ileum

A

some of absorption

97
Q

ILEUM what can be found in ileum

A
  1. ileocecal valve

2. lymph nodules

98
Q

ILEUM what is ileocecal valve

A

valve connecting SI to LI

99
Q

ILEUM what is the function of lymph nodules

A

protect SI from colonic bacteria

100
Q

LI what are parts of LI (6)

A
  1. appendix
  2. ascending
  3. transverse
  4. descending
  5. sigmoid
  6. rectum
101
Q

LI what are 3 functions of LI

A
  1. reabsorb water
  2. reabsorb electrolytes
  3. absorb vitamins produced by colonic bacteria
102
Q

LI what is retroperitoneal

A
  1. ascending
  2. descending
  3. rectum
103
Q

LI what is intraperitoneal

A
  1. cecum
  2. transverse
  3. sigmoid
104
Q

LI what are 2 types of colic epithelial cells in mucosal layer

A
  1. absorptive cell

2. goblet cell

105
Q

LI what is the function of absorptive cells

A

main colonic epithelial cells

106
Q

LI what is the function of goblet cells

A

secrete mucous for lubrication

107
Q

LI how is mucosal layer in rectum specialized

A

simple columnar epithelium

108
Q

LI what is the function of rectum (2)

A
  1. store feces

2. move feces into rectal canal

109
Q

ANAL CANAL how is mucosal layer in anal canal specialized

A

stratified squamous epithelium (not keratinized) to stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

110
Q

ANAL CANAL what part of anal canal is autonomic

A

internal anal sphincter

111
Q

ANAL CANAL what part of anal canal is somatic

A

external anal sphincter

ANAT 200 (9 decks)

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