Urinalysis Concepts/Q's

Question 1

In certain malignant disorders, what substance is found in the urine that turns the urine dark brown or black on exposure of the urine to air?

Answer 1

melanin

Question 2

What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?

Answer 2

4.5-8.0

Question 3

The presence of ketone bodies in urine specimens may be detected by use of a reagent strip impregnated with sodium nitroprusside. This strip test is sensitive to the presence of

Answer 3

Acetoacetic acid and acetone

Question 4

A routine urinalysis is performed on a young child suffering from diarrhea. The reagent test strip is negative for glucose but positive for ketones. These results may be explained by which of the following statements?

Answer 4

The child is suffering from increased catabolism of fat because of decreased intestinal absorption.

Question 5

A reagent test strip impregnated with a diazonium salt such as diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline may be used to determine which analyte?

Answer 5

bilirubin

Question 6

Macroalbuminuria

Answer 6

> 299mg/g

Question 7

Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of

Answer 7

homogentisic acid, turns urine black upon standing

Question 8

intense dieting results on urine

Answer 8

increased ketones and negative glucose

Question 9

If a fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL is obtained on an individual, what is the expected fasting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose level in mg/dL?

Answer 9

65

Question 10

eGFR less than 60mL/Min

Answer 10

need to be investigated, could be stage 3 kidney failure, condsidered more accurate than cockgroft-formula

Question 11

what type of pH are triple phos crystals found in?

Answer 11

norm alkaline urine, coffin lid, usually do not indicate any pathology

Question 12

Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements?

Answer 12

can cause severe mental issues

Question 13

calcium oxalate and sperm are found in a sample, what does this mean? (monohydrate form)

Answer 13

normal sample and not usually associated with pathology - male or female

Question 14

To determine amniotic fluid contamination with maternal urine, which of the following measurements could be used?

Answer 14

creatinine concentration

Question 15

With the development of fetal lung maturity, which of the following phospho- lipid concentrations in amniotic fluid significantly and consistently increases?

Answer 15

phosphatidyl choline

Question 16

A pleural effusion is found to have 3000 white blood cells per microliter and 5 g/dL total protein. From this it can be deter- mined that the patient’s effusion is

Answer 16

exudate

Question 17

transudate

Answer 17

non inflammatory
low number of cells, less than 3g/dl of protein

Question 18

characteristic of an exudate effusion?

Answer 18

> 1000 leukocytes

Question 19

Which of the following systems utilizes polyelectrolytes to determine the specific gravity of urine?

Answer 19

reagent strip

Question 20

Which methods may be used to quantify protein in both cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens?

Answer 20

Coomassie brilliant blue and trichloroacetic acid

Question 21

A characteristic of substances normally found dissolved in the urine is that they are all

Answer 21

water soluble

Question 22

uric acid may look like what other crystal?

Answer 22

cystine crystals

Question 23

bile duct obstruction ua findings

Answer 23

moderate bilirubin
urobilinogen increased
dark brown color

yellowish skin

Question 24

Compared to the fecal occult blood test, which of the following is a disadvantage of performing a DNA-based test to detect colon cancer?

Answer 24

the DNA test is more expensive

Question 25

Which condition is characterized by increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, originating from within the central nervous system and not from the general blood circulation?

Answer 25

multiple sclerosis