Urinalysis Concepts/Q's Flashcards
In certain malignant disorders, what substance is found in the urine that turns the urine dark brown or black on exposure of the urine to air?
melanin
What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?
4.5-8.0
The presence of ketone bodies in urine specimens may be detected by use of a reagent strip impregnated with sodium nitroprusside. This strip test is sensitive to the presence of
Acetoacetic acid and acetone
A routine urinalysis is performed on a young child suffering from diarrhea. The reagent test strip is negative for glucose but positive for ketones. These results may be explained by which of the following statements?
The child is suffering from increased catabolism of fat because of decreased intestinal absorption.
A reagent test strip impregnated with a diazonium salt such as diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline may be used to determine which analyte?
bilirubin
Macroalbuminuria
> 299mg/g
Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of
homogentisic acid, turns urine black upon standing
intense dieting results on urine
increased ketones and negative glucose
If a fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL is obtained on an individual, what is the expected fasting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose level in mg/dL?
65
eGFR less than 60mL/Min
need to be investigated, could be stage 3 kidney failure, condsidered more accurate than cockgroft-formula
what type of pH are triple phos crystals found in?
norm alkaline urine, coffin lid, usually do not indicate any pathology
Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements?
can cause severe mental issues
calcium oxalate and sperm are found in a sample, what does this mean? (monohydrate form)
normal sample and not usually associated with pathology - male or female
To determine amniotic fluid contamination with maternal urine, which of the following measurements could be used?
creatinine concentration
With the development of fetal lung maturity, which of the following phospho- lipid concentrations in amniotic fluid significantly and consistently increases?
phosphatidyl choline
A pleural effusion is found to have 3000 white blood cells per microliter and 5 g/dL total protein. From this it can be deter- mined that the patient’s effusion is
exudate
transudate
non inflammatory
low number of cells, less than 3g/dl of protein
characteristic of an exudate effusion?
> 1000 leukocytes
Which of the following systems utilizes polyelectrolytes to determine the specific gravity of urine?
reagent strip
Which methods may be used to quantify protein in both cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens?
Coomassie brilliant blue and trichloroacetic acid
A characteristic of substances normally found dissolved in the urine is that they are all
water soluble
uric acid may look like what other crystal?
cystine crystals
bile duct obstruction ua findings
moderate bilirubin
urobilinogen increased
dark brown color
yellowish skin
Compared to the fecal occult blood test, which of the following is a disadvantage of performing a DNA-based test to detect colon cancer?
the DNA test is more expensive
Which condition is characterized by increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, originating from within the central nervous system and not from the general blood circulation?
multiple sclerosis
