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BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) > Hematology Polansky Review > Flashcards

Hematology Polansky Review Flashcards

1
Q

Erythropoesis
1-2 mos gestation

A

yolk sac and gonads, primative erythroblasts

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2
Q

3-6mos gestation erythropoesis

A

liver and spleen, Liver is primary site

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3
Q

7mos - age 4 erythropoesis

A

bone marrow, all marrow active

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4
Q

Adult erythropoesis

A

bone marrow, pelvis vertebrae, sternum and skill, long bones filled with fat

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5
Q

Rubriblast

A

pronormoblast

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6
Q

proubricyte

A

basophilic normoblast

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7
Q

rubricyte

A

polychromatophilic normoblast, last stage to divide

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8
Q

metarubricyte

A

orthochromic normoblast
last nucleated stage

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9
Q

reticulocyte

A

poly erythro, seen with supravitial stain

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10
Q

pH 8.6 hgb electrophoresis

A

A2/C, S, F, A
(crawl, slow, fast, accelerated)

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11
Q

pH 6.2 hgb electrophoresis

A

F, A/A2, S, C

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12
Q

Methemoglobin

A

iron oxidized to ferric state, can’t bind 02 cyanosis, death,

Heinz bodies

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13
Q

Sulfhemoglobin

A

sulf bound to heme, aquired from drugs/chem

cyanosis, cant be converted back

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14
Q

carboxyhemoglobin

A

carbon bound, decreased O2 to tissues, affinity 200x greater

cherry red skin

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15
Q

Macrocytes

A

megaloblastic, liver disease, retics, normal in newborns

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16
Q

microcytes

A

IDA, thalassemia, ACI

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17
Q

Elliptocytes/ovalocytes

A

membrane defect, HE

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18
Q

Crenated cells

A

osmotic imbalance

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19
Q

Burr cells (echinocytes)

A

membrane defect, uremia, PK def

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20
Q

Acanthocytes

A

membrane defect, severe liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia

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21
Q

Teardrops (dacryocytes)

A

myelofibrosis, thalassemias

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22
Q

hypochromia

A

IDA, thalassemia

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23
Q

Target cells

A

hgbop, thalassemia, liver disease

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24
Q

Stomatocytes

A

HS, HS, thalassemia, RH null, alc cirrhosis

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25
Q

Rouleax

A

serum protein abnormality, MM macrogolbulinemia

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26
Q

Basophilic stipping

A

RNA aggregates, lead, abn hgb synth

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27
Q

HJ bodies

A

DNA remnents, pitted by spleen, post splenectomy, hemolytic anemias

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28
Q

Cabot rings

A

mitotic spindle, fragments, rapid blood regen, MBA, thal, splenectomy

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29
Q

pappenheimer

A

iron, faulty iron utilization, SBA, Post splen, thal, hemochromatosis

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30
Q

Reticulocytes

A

residual RNA

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31
Q

Heinz bodies

A

precipitated, oxidized hgb, G6PD, chemical injuries

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32
Q

Hemoglobinopathy

A

qualitative abnormality, abnormality in amino acid sequences

(ex. sickle cell, hgb c..etc)

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33
Q

Thalassemia

A

quantitative abnormality, under production of 1 or more globulin chains

(B-thal minor)

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34
Q

Folate Deficiency
n
m
h
impaires?
pan
increases?

A

nutritional deficiency, megaloblastic, HA, impaires DNA synth

pancytopenia, Increase LD

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35
Q

Vit B12 dEF

A

Megaloblastic, nutritional def, malab, parasites

pernicious anemia most common type

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36
Q

Sideroblastic anermia

A

defect in heme synth, dual RBC pop, rbc indicies normal, ringed sideroblasts

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37
Q

B-thal major

A

dec betal chain production,
micro hypo

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38
Q

B-thal minor

A

mild anemia, micro hypo,

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39
Q

Anemia of chronic inflammation

A

Micro hypo, AFR affect iron absorbtion, iron in bone marrow not released, 2nd most common

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40
Q

Promyelocyte

A

primary (nonspecific) granules

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41
Q

myelocyte

A

specific granules, last stage to divide

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42
Q

MPN/MPD

A

overproduction of 1 or more myelod cell lines, increased RBCs, 1 cell line dominant

(ex PV, CML)

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43
Q

myelodysplastic syndroms (MDS)

A

ineffective hematopoesis in 1 or more cell lines, hypercellular bone marrow

common in elderly

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44
Q

Myeloperoxidase

A

+ AML
= ALL

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45
Q

Sudan Black

A

+ AML
= ALL

46
Q

Nap AS-D (specific esterase)

A

+ AML
= ALL

47
Q

PAS

A

= AML
+ ALL

48
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

plasma cells in marrow, norm/norm, rouleaux, M spike, bence jones, osteolytic lesions

49
Q

Plasma cell leukemia

A

form of MM, plasma cells in peripheral, pancytopenia, monoclonal gamm

50
Q

Walderstroms

A

malig Lymphs-plasma cells, increased IgM

51
Q

Microhematocrit

A

screening for anemia

52
Q

Osmotic fragility

A

increased in HS, decreased with target cells, SS, IDA

53
Q

Donathan-landsteiner test

A

Paroxymal cold hgb, auto-P ab

54
Q

Electrical impedance (coulter principle)

A

cell counting and size

55
Q

Radio frequency

A

WBC differential

56
Q

Opitcal light scatter (flow)

A

cell counting size and diff

57
Q

Forwards scatter

A

volume/size of cell

58
Q

Side scatter

A

complexity/internal structures, gating

59
Q

Rule of three

A

RBC X 3 = hgb
Hgb X 3 = HCT

60
Q

Primary Hemostasis

A

vasocontrisction
plt adhesion
plt aggregation
plt plug

61
Q

Secondary hemostasis

A

coag factors to produce fibrin
XIII

62
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

relase of TPa
plasminogen to plasmin
Fibrin to FDP

63
Q

Bernard Soulier

A

lack of GP IB on plt w VWF, abn plt adhesion

giant plts, abn to ristocetin

64
Q

Glanzmanns thrombastheina

A

def of GP IIB/IIIa, fibrinogen cant attach,
abn agregg w ADP, Epi and Collagen

65
Q

Delta storage pool def

A

dense gran def
lack of ADP release
abn secondary agg with ADP and EPI

66
Q

I

A

fibrinogen

converted to fibrin by thrombin

67
Q

II

A

prothrombin, precoursor of thrombin

68
Q

III

A

TFIII, released from vessle walls, not norm in blood

69
Q

IV

A

Ca+, bound by sodium citrate

70
Q

V

A

labile

71
Q

VII

A

stable

72
Q

VIII

A

hemophilia A, circulates with VWF, extremely labile

73
Q

IX

A

christmas factor, hemophilia B

74
Q

X

A

stuart factor

75
Q

XI

A

hemophilia C, may or may not cause bleeding

76
Q

XII

A

hageman, no bleedig, contact factor, not in vivo

77
Q

XIII

A

fibrin stabilizing, poor wound healing

78
Q

HMWK

A

fitzgerald, no bleeding, not part in vivo

79
Q

PK

A

fletcher, thrombosis, not in vivo

80
Q

Contact factors

A

PK, HMWK, XII, XI

81
Q

Prothrombin group

A

II, VII, IX, X

82
Q

Fibrinogen group

A

I, V, VIII, XIII

83
Q

Common path

A

I, II, V, X

84
Q

Extrinsic tenase complex

A

VIIa/Tf acts on X

85
Q

Intrinsic complex

A

IXa/VIIIa acts on X

86
Q

prothrombinase complex

A

Xa/Va acts on II

87
Q

Vit K dependent factors

A

II, VII, IX, X

88
Q

Affected by coumadin (warfarin)

A

II, VII, IX, X

all require vit K

89
Q

consumed during clotting

A

I, II, V, VIII, XIII not present in serum

90
Q

PT

A

extrinsic and common path

monitors coumadin (warfarin)

INR

91
Q

APTT

A

intrinsic/common

UFH

92
Q

Pt prolomged Aptt norm

A

VII

93
Q

Pt norm
Aptt prolonged

A

HMWK, PK, XII, XI ,IX, VIII

94
Q

both PT, APTT prolonged

A

X, I, II, V

95
Q

Mixing studies

A

1:! mix of pt and normal plasma, if pt has a def it will be corrected with normal plasma, if not corrected, it is an inhibitor

96
Q

ACT (activated clotting time)

A

cardiac care unit/surgery to monitor heparin

97
Q

TT. (thrombin time)

A

measures fibringogen to fibrin, prolonged with hypo/dys fibrinogenemia, heparin FDPs

98
Q

Reptilase time

A

using snake venom, prolonged with afibrinogenemia, not affected by heparin

99
Q

XIII factor screening test

A

Cacl2 urea clot lysis, clot dissolves in 24hr

100
Q

Anti Xa assay

A

LMWH, UFH, color inversely proportional to heparin concentration

101
Q

VW disease

A

bleeding, abn w ristocetin, normal plts
increased APTT

most common inherited disorder

102
Q

Hemophilia A

A

VIII, bleeding, norm PLts,
Inc APTT
dec VIII,
sex linked in males

103
Q

Hemophilia B

A

IX, bleeding, sex linked

104
Q

D-Dimer

A

lysis of fibrin by plasmin, marker for DIC, neg in primary fibrinolysis

105
Q

FDP

A

plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen, increased fibrinolytic activity, DIC

106
Q

AT

A

plasma inhibitor, increased thrombosis w def

107
Q

Protein C

A

coag inhibitor, inactivates Va, VIIIa, def = thrombosis

108
Q

Protein S

A

cofactor for C

109
Q

Factor V leiden

A

APC, V resistant to APC, thrombiosis, APTT/DRVVT

110
Q

Lupus anticoagulants

A

thrombosis/abortion, phospholipids

111
Q

HCT >555

A

prolonged times, anticoag must be reduced

BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) (9 decks)

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