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BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) > Immunology Concepts > Flashcards

Immunology Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Fc region

A

part of the antibody molecule that fits into a receptor on the phagocytic cell

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1
Q

Lymphokines

A

soluble mediators produced by lymphocytes, primarily T cells

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2
Q

HLA complex is primarily located on this chromosome

A

Chrom 6,

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3
Q

A young woman shows increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections. Upon assay she shows a low level of C3, what is probably true?

A

she has a decreased production of C3, autoimmune disease susceptibility does not include pyogenic infections

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4
Q

What is Digeorge syndrome?

A

decreased T cells

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5
Q

example of immune injury caused by ag-ab complexes?

A

acute glomerulonephritis - acute inflammatory reactions happen after ag-ab complex is deposited on the glomerular membranes

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6
Q

IgE mediated anaphylatic reactions

A

Bee stings/penicillin

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7
Q

Contact dermatitis mediated by?

A

T cells, not antibody

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8
Q

Serologically detectable antibody produced in RA? … explain more

A

IgM due to agglutination activity. RF (rheumatoid factor) commonly used in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

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9
Q

Direct immunoflourescence assay

A

conjugated reagent antibody reacts with antigen to form antigen-antibody complexes

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10
Q

in individuals allergic to pollen, hyposensitization protocols may be initiated, what type of injections may these pts recieve?

A

involves gradually increasing concentration of the allergen until the pt is tolerant and no longer has symptoms

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11
Q

Why can we transplant corneal tissue from one pt to another so successfully?

A

the cornea is nonvascularized and is sequestered. The immune system of the host does not “see” the cornea and recognize it as foreign

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12
Q

a transplant from one identical twin to another is an example of?

A

same genetic makeup, meaning they would be isografts or syngeneic grafts

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13
Q

Autographs

A

one transplant from a site to another in the same individual

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14
Q

Allograft

A

transplantation of two nonidentical individuals of the same species

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15
Q

Bruton’s disease

A

congenital agammaglobuliemia
mostly males
B cells not produced
IgA,IgD,IgE and IgM undetectable
IgG absent or very low

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16
Q

cell source of IL-2?

A

T cells
activated Helper T cells

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17
Q

passive immunization benefits

A

ab is available immediately
short lived ab
mostly IgG

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18
Q

active immunization

A

ab production takes a while
life long persistance

19
Q

where are antibodies digested?

A

in the GI

20
Q

compliment has been activated, what attracts leukocytes and macrophages to the site of compliment activation?

A

C5a - it is chemotactic

IgM can activate the compliment cascade but is not chemotactic

21
Q

anamnestic response

A

secondary response to a stimuli, not innate

22
Q

phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells is an example of?

A

innate immunity

23
Q

Prozone phenomena

A

high titer of excess ab is present, not enough antigen is present for cross linking and lattice formation. Ab blocks all binding sites/no complement is able to start

24
Q

Rapid plasma reagin assay for syphilis does nto need to be read microscopically because the ag is?

A

complexed with charcoal, when combined with pt sample and ag, this reaction can be read Macroscopically

25
Q

VDRL test for syphilis is classified as a(n)

A

flocculation reaction, read on low power

26
Q

one cause of false positive VDRL tests?

A

connective tissue disorders like SLE, or mono, pregnancy, malaria ..etc

27
Q

ELISA, visible reaction is due to?

A

enzyme and substrate, will produce a colored reaction
alkaline phosphatase is used

28
Q

light chains

A

kappa and lambda, two, but in any one molecule only one type is found

29
Q

Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule?

A

binds to specific fc receptors on the surface of white blood cells

30
Q

monoclonal antibodies are produced by?

A

hybridomas/hybrid myeloma - prepared from mouse and human plasma cells fused with myeloma cells

31
Q

antibodies that bind to the same epitope are of the same

A

idiotype - refers to the specificity of the molecule, variable region of the molecule

32
Q

isotype

A

different classes and subclasses of antiboides (IgG vs IgM)
determined by which heavy chain is present

33
Q

allotype

A

refers to different alleles of the same isotype

34
Q

Skin testing is a useful diagnostic tool in a number of disorders, such as tuberculosis….how does this work?

A

it causes a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, if sensiitized T cells are transferred from one individual to another the recipient will also have a delayed rxn

35
Q

Interaction between B and T helper cells involves

A

Foreign antigen on B cell binding to T cell receptor

36
Q

cell mediated hypersensitivity

A

contact dermatitis, usually a hapten is the ag and combines with carrier molecule on the surface

37
Q

incompatible blood transfusions are examples of?

A

Type II hypersensitivity reactions, ag binds to ab and lyses the rbcs

38
Q

A soluble antigen and soluble antibody reacting to form an insoluble product describes

A

precipitation reactions

39
Q

What is the indicator system used in the complement fixation test?

A

Sensitized sheep red blood cells

40
Q

IgM antibody to OspC

A

marker for lyme disease, detected by western blot

41
Q

Rheumatic fever sometimes occurs after group A streptococcal infections. In this condition, an autoimmune response attacks the tissue of the heart valves. This phenomenon is an example of…

A

molecular mimicry

42
Q

moleculary mimicry definition

A

an immune response directed against one antigen may be extended to include activity against closely related antigens.

43
Q

“Superantigens” are toxins produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci and cause damage by

A

polyclonal T cell activation, resulting in things such as TSS

44
Q

In a competitive radioimnumosorbent test (RIST), what does a high signal suggest?

A

a high signal indicates low unlabled IgE from the patient sample

45
Q

what indicates a chronic HBV infection vs Acute?

A

chronic will have HbsAg, HbeAg and anti-Hbc

BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) (6 decks)

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